SUPERCRITICAL CO2 WATER DISPLACEMENTS AND CO2 CAPILLARY TRAPPING: MICROMODEL EXPERIMENT AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION
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摘要: CO2毛细捕获机制是CO2地质封存中的关键科学问题，然而有关孔隙尺度下（微米极）超临界CO2毛细捕获的研究较少。采用高压流体-显微镜-微观模型实验装置，开展超临界CO2条件（8.5 MPa，45℃）下CO2驱替水（排水）和水驱替CO2（吸湿）实验，采用高分辨率照相机采集CO2水两相流运动图像，并借助光学显微镜直接观测孔隙尺度下CO2毛细捕获特征。同时，采用计算流体动力学方法对实验过程进行三维数值模拟。数值模拟不仅反映了实验过程中两相流驱替锋面的推进过程，还刻画了孔隙尺度下被捕获的CO2液滴/团簇三维空间形态特征。最后，基于数值模拟给出了CO2初始饱和度与残余饱和度曲线，即毛细捕获曲线，并对比分析了3种毛细捕获曲线预测模型（即Jurauld模型、Land模型和Spiteri模型）的优劣。分析表明，Jurauld模型的描述能力稍优于Land模型，Spiteri模型的描述能力较弱。由于Land模型只需单个参数，且参数具有明确的物理意义，因此在实际工程中，建议优先采用Land模型。Abstract: The CO2 capillary trapping is an important scientific issue in geological carbon sequestration, but few researches focus on the trapping mechanism at pore scale under supercritical CO2 condition. In this study, based on the high-pressure fluids-microscopy-micromodel experimental system, we performed drainage experiment, i.e. supercritical CO2 displacing water, and imbibition experiment, i.e. water displacing CO2, under the conditions of 45℃ and 8.5 MPa. The DSLR camera was used to capture pictures of CO2-water two-phase immiscible flow and the microscopy was used to capture the capillary trapping behavior for the supercritical CO2 at the pore scale. The computational fluid dynamic method was adopted to simulate the two-phase fluid flow processes. The numerical results are generally in agree-ment with the experimental observations, and further provide three-dimensional geometries on the interface during the drainage-imbibition processes and the trapped supercritical CO2 droplet/cluster. Finally, the capillary trapping curve, i.e. the relationship between the initial CO2 saturation and the residual saturation, was obtained from the numerical results, and we made an assessment of the three capillary trapping models, i.e. Land's, Jurauld's and Spiteri's trapping models. A comparison of the models performance indicates that Jurauld's model behaves slightly better than Land's model, whereas Spiteri's model behaves poorly. However, given that Land's model only contains one parameter of clear physical meaning, it is recommended for practical use.
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图 4 两种互不相容流体流动状态相图
Figure 4. The phase diagram for displacement pattern within the two-phase immiscible fluid flow
图 5 排水过程(drainage)0.1 s时刻数值模拟结果
Figure 5. The numerical results for the two-phase fluid flow after 0.1 s of drainage
图 6 排水过程(drainage)1 s时刻实验(由照相机采集)与数值模拟对比((a)实验结果, (b)数值模拟结果)
Figure 6. Comparison between numerical results and the DSLR captured images after 1 s of drainage ((a) experimental result, (b) numerical simulation)
图 7 吸湿过程(imbibition) 0.1 s时刻数值模拟结果
Figure 7. The numerical results for the two-phase fluid flow after 0.1 s of imbibition
图 8 吸湿过程(imbibition) 1 s时刻实验(由照相机采集)与数值模拟对比((a)实验结果, (b)数值模拟结果)
Figure 8. Comparison between numerical results and the DSLR captured images after 1 s of imbibition ((a) experimental result, (b) numerical simulation)
图 9 超临界CO2毛细捕获实验结果(a) ~ (g)与数值模拟结果(h) ~ (n). (a)和(c)为显微镜低倍物镜采集的被捕获CO2液滴/团簇分布；(b)为照相机采集的被捕获CO2液滴/团簇整体分布；(d) ~ (g)为显微镜高倍物镜采集的单个孔隙中被捕获CO2团簇分布形态. (m)为被捕获的CO2液滴/团簇整体分布；(l)和(n)为被捕获的CO2团簇在多个孔隙内的分布；(h) ~ (k)为被捕获的CO2团簇在单个孔隙中的形态
Figure 9. The observed (a) ~ (g) and simulated (h) ~ (n) shape and distribution of trapped CO2 droplets/clusters: (a) and (c) the distribution of trapped CO2 droplets/clusters at multiple pores; (b) the distribution of trapped CO2 droplets/clusters at the full scale of micromodel; (d) ~ (g) the distribution of trapped CO2 droplets/clusters at a single pore. (m) the distribution of trapped CO2 droplet/cluster at the full scale of micromodel; (l) and (n) the distribution of trapped CO2 droplets/clusters at multiple pores; (h) ~ (k) the distribution of trapped CO2 droplets/clusters at a single pore
图 10 超临界CO2毛细捕获曲线数值模拟结果与不同模型对比
Figure 10. The comparison of the capillary trapping curve between the numerical simulation/experimental data and three different models
表 1 超临界CO2与水两相流参数
Table 1. The parameters for the supercritical CO2-water two-phase fluid flow
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表 2 各模型的最优拟合系数与均方偏差
Table 2. The fitting parameters and the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) for the three models
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