颗粒材料剪切流动状态转变的环剪试验研究

季顺迎; 孙珊珊; 陈晓东

doi:10.6052/0459-1879-16-049

颗粒材料剪切流动状态转变的环剪试验研究

大连理工大学工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室, 大连 116023

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（U1234209，11572067）和国家重点基础研究发展计划（2010CB731502）资助项目.

详细信息

通讯作者:
季顺迎,教授,主要研究方向:颗粒材料力学及工程应用.E-mail:jisy@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.7;O373
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-02-21
- 修回日期: 2016-06-15
- 刊出日期: 2016-09-17

SHEAR CELL TEST ON TRANSITION OF SHEAR FLOWSTATES OF GRANULAR MATERIALS

State Key Laboratory of Structure Analysis of Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China

摘要

摘要: 颗粒材料的剪切流动行为广泛地存在于滑坡、泥石流等自然灾害以及矿物原料传输、泵送等工业过程中.颗粒材料在不同体积分数、剪切速率和应力约束下会表现出不同的流动状态并发生相互转化.对颗粒材料在剪切流动过程中力学特性的研究有助于加深理解其发生不同流动状态的内在机理，为解决相应的颗粒材料问题提供理论依据.为此，本文研制了颗粒材料剪切流动的中型环剪仪，并对颗粒材料在不同法向约束应力和剪切速率下的剪切应力和体积膨胀率进行了测试.结果表明，剪切应力和体积膨胀率均随剪切速率的增大而增大，但增长速率在临界剪切速率处发生转变，使其随剪切速率的平方呈分段式线性增长.通过对颗粒材料在不同剪切速率和惯性数下有效摩擦系数变化趋势的分析，讨论了颗粒材料由慢速流向快速流转化的基本规律，以及在临界剪切速率处发生流动状态转化的内在条件.此外，通过对不同法向应力下临界剪切速率以及快速流动下运动规律的测试，发现临界剪切速率随法向应力的增加而减小，即法向应力可促进颗粒材料由慢速流向快速流的转化，但在快速流动状态下的有效摩擦系数对法向应力不敏感.以上对颗粒材料在不同剪切速率、法向应力下流动状态的环剪试验研究有助于揭示其发生不同流动状态转化的内在机理.
- 颗粒材料 /
- 环剪仪 /
- 临界剪切速率 /
- 剪切流动 /
- 流动状态转化
Abstract: The shear flow behaviors of granular materials exist widely in the natural disasters (such as landslide and debris flow) and the industrial process (such as transportation and pumping of mineralmaterials). Granular materials perform various shear flow states under different volume fractions, shear rates and constraint stresses. The investigation of mechanical characteristics in a shear flow process provides an insight to the mechanism of phase transition of granular materials. In this study, a medium-size annular shear cell was developed to study the shear flow states of granular materials and their transition. The shear stress and the volume dilation rate were measured under various normal stresses and shear rates. The experimental results show that the shear stress and the volume dilation rate increase with increasing shear rate. Both of them increase with the square of shear rate piecewise linearly. The inflection points in the linear relations of the square of shear rate versus the shear stress and the volume dilation rate were obtained at the critical shear rate respectively. With the analysis of effective friction coefficis under various shear rates and inertia numbers, the phase transition process between the slow flow and the rapid flow was discussed. The phase transition occurs at the critical shear rate. Moreover, the shear flow states of granular materials were measured under various normal stresses. The critical shear rate decreases with increasing normal stress. This indicates that the normal stress can boost the phase transition between the slow flow state and the rapid flow state. In rapid shear flow state, the effective friction coefficient is independent of the normal stress. The mechanism of phase transition can be well studied with the experiments of shearing granular under various shear rates and normal stresses.
- granular materials /
- annular shear cell /
- critical shear rate /
- shear flow /
- phase transition of flow state

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