GENERATION OF LARGE VOLUME ARC PLASMA, CONTROL AND ITS APPLICATION
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摘要: 电弧等离子体在工业领域有着非常广泛的应用, 但受自收缩特性的影响, 造成的温度梯度大、高温区体积小, 制约了该技术应用的广度和深度的发展. 基于电弧发生技术, 通过多种调控手段获得大体积均匀热等离子体, 在热喷涂、微纳粉体制备和煤制乙炔等领域, 已展示出非常好的应用前景. 文章从大尺寸电弧等离子体应用需求入手, 详细综述了国内外在大尺寸电弧等离子体技术及应用方面的研究进展. 首先, 从产生的方式上, 介绍了多相交流、多电极直流和磁驱动旋转电弧等离子体发生器, 并分别阐述了大尺寸热等离子体产生的基本原理和电弧的基本特征; 在电弧特性控制方面, 基于发生器结构特征, 从电极几何位形、气流驱动和磁场驱动等几个方面, 汇总了等离子体的调控方法及其调控机制, 论述了它们对等离子体位形、动态特性和流动特性的影响;最后, 介绍了国内外大尺寸电弧等离子体应用的基本情况及其研究进展, 围绕着应用痛点, 进一步凝练亟需解决的关键科学技术问题, 展望了未来的发展趋势, 为电弧等离子体技术的应用升级和新领域应用的拓展提供支持.Abstract: Electric arc is a common way to generate thermal plasma, which is widely used in industrial field. However, due to the effect of its self-magnetic compression, the temperature gradient of arc plasma is large and the volume of the high temperature region is small, which restricts the wide application in various fields and the deepening of the application of this technology. To solve this problem, based on arc generation technology, large volume uniform thermal plasma is obtained by various control means, which has shown a very good application prospects in the fields of thermal spraying, micro and nano-powder preparation, coal pyrolysis to produce acetylene, and so on. Based on the application requirements of large-size arc plasma, the paper reviews the research progress of large volume arc plasma technology and application at domestic and abroad. Firstly, in terms of the generation method, various types of large volume arc plasma generators are introduced, including the multiphase AC, multi-electrode DC and magnetic driven rotating arc plasma generators. And the basic principle of these large volume thermal plasma generation and the basic characteristics of arc plasma are further described in the paper, respectively. Secondly, regarding arc characteristic control, the control methods and mechanisms of plasma are summarized from the electrode geometry, air flow driving and magnetic field driving according to the structure characteristics of these large volume arc plasma generator. Their effects are further discussed on plasma configuration, dynamic and flow characteristics. Finally, the application and research progress are introduced for the large-size arc plasma at home and abroad. In the view of pain point of arc plasma application, we need to further focus on key scientific and technological issues that urgently need to be addressed. The future development trend of arc plasma technology is prospected, which provides support for the application upgrade and the expansion of new fields of application.
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Key words:
- arc /
- large volume thermal plasma /
- generator /
- plasma control /
- application
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图 12 磁驱动旋转电弧发生器示意图
Figure 12. Schematics of magnetically rotating arc plasma generator
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