STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SIZE OF PARTICLES DEPOSITED IN IMPACTOR
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摘要: 微颗粒的性质几乎与颗粒的粒径紧密相关, 为研究气溶胶粒子特性, 需获取颗粒粒径分布信息. 惯性撞击器是一种基于惯性原理实现大气中不同粒径颗粒沉积分离的装置, 在实际使用过程中, 经历复杂多变的环境. 文章利用拉格朗日多相 (LMP) 模型对撞击器内的气−固两相流动进行数值模拟, 使用有限体积方法(FVM) 研究了在绝热和换热两种情况下, 气溶胶温度变化 (−40°C ~ 60°C) 对颗粒沉积率的作用, 并分析其对颗粒粒径分离的影响. 结果表明: 在壁面绝热情况下, 随着气溶胶温度的升高, 颗粒沉积位置由冲击板中心向边缘发散, 颗粒收集效率逐渐降低, 颗粒收集数量减少; 在气溶胶和壁面换热情况下, 随着气溶胶温度的升高, 大颗粒沉积位置由冲击板中心向边缘发散, 颗粒收集效率降低, 小颗粒正好相反. 此外, 不同气溶胶温度下的颗粒收集效率曲线存在一个交点, 交点两侧大小颗粒的收集效率随温度的变化情况相反. 通过研究温度对撞击器颗粒收集的影响, 可以对颗粒分径结果进行修正, 获得更精确的粒径分布.Abstract: The properties of microparticles are almost closely related to the particle size. In order to study the characteristics of aerosol particles, it is necessary to obtain particle size distribution information. The inertial impactor is a device based on the principle of inertia to realize the deposition separation of particles of different sizes in the atmosphere. During actual use, it experiences complex and changeable environments. In this paper, the Lagrangian multiphase (LMP) model is used to numerically simulate the gas-solid two-phase flow in the impactor. The effect of aerosol temperature variation (−40°C ~ 60°C) on the particle deposition rate was investigated using the finite volume method (FVM) under both adiabatic and heat transfer conditions, and its effect on particle size separation was analyzed. The results show that: under the condition of wall adiabatic, as the temperature of the aerosol increases, the particle deposition position diverges from the center of the impact plate to the edge, the particle collection efficiency decreases, and the number of particle collection decreases gradually; in the condition of aerosol and wall heat transfer, as the temperature of the aerosol increases, the deposition position of large particles diverges from the center of the impact plate to the edge, and the collection efficiency of particles decreases, while the opposite is true for small particles. In addition, there is an intersection point in the particle collection efficiency curves at different aerosol temperatures, and the collection efficiency of large and small particles on both sides of the intersection point changes oppositely with temperature. By studying the influence of temperature on the impactor particle collection, the results of particle diameter separation can be modified and more accurate particle size distribution can be obtained.
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图 2 不同网格数下第4级和第1级撞击器颗粒收集效率对比
Figure 2. Comparison of particle collection efficiency of stage4 and stage1 impactors with different mesh numbers
图 3 颗粒收集效率CFD结果与文献结果的比较
Figure 3. Comparison of CFD results of particle collection efficiency with literature results
图 4 撞击器在非绝热条件下的温度场分布
Figure 4. Temperature field distribution of impactor under non-adiabatic condition
图 5 撞击器在气溶胶温度改变和测量过程存在温差时中心轴线的速度分布
Figure 5. The velocity distribution of the central axis of the impactor when the aerosol temperature changes and the measurement process has a temperature difference
图 6 不同气溶胶温度下, 2.3 µm和3.4 µm颗粒在平板上的沉积分布
Figure 6. Deposition distribution of 2.3 µm and 3.4 µm particles on impact plate at different aerosol temperatures
图 7 气溶胶温度为233 K和333 K时, 在x = 0.2 mm处喷射的颗粒所受曳力大小
Figure 7. The drag force on the particles sprayed at x = 0.2 mm at the aerosol temperature of 233 K and 333 K
图 8 不同气溶胶温度下, 在入口距离中心0.2 mm处流线和颗粒的运动轨迹以及流场速度和颗粒速度对比
Figure 8. At different aerosol temperatures, at the entrance 0.2 mm from the center streamline, flow field velocity and particle velocity comparison, trajectory of 2.3μm particles, and 3.4μm particles
图 9 入口速度为2 m/s, 3 µm和2 µm粒径颗粒在冲击板上沉积分布
Figure 9. The entrance velocity is 2 m/s, the deposition distribution of 3 µm and 2 µm particles on the impact plate
图 10 不同气溶胶温度下, 在入口距离中心0.2 mm处流线和颗粒的运动轨迹以及流场速度和颗粒速度对比
Figure 10. At different aerosol temperatures, at the entrance 0.2 mm from the center streamline, flow field velocity and particle velocity comparison, trajectory of 2 μm particles, and 3 μm particles
图 11 在入口距离中心0.2 mm喷射3 µm颗粒速度分布
Figure 11. Velocity distribution of 3 µm particles sprayed at the entrance 0.2 mm from the center
图 12 气溶胶温度变化, 撞击器第1级和第4级的颗粒收集效率
Figure 12. Particle collection efficiency of impactor stage 1 and 4 at different aerosol temperatures
图 13 在不同入口速度下, 气溶胶温度对颗粒收集效率的影响
Figure 13. Effect of aerosol temperature on particle collection efficiency at different inlet velocities
图 14 在入口速度0.5 ~ 3 m/s下, 气溶胶温度对d50的影响
Figure 14. Influence of aerosol temperature on d50 at the inlet velocity of 0.5 ~ 3 m/s
图 15 气溶胶温度变化, 撞击器第1级和第4级的颗粒收集效率
Figure 15. Particle collection efficiency of impactor stage 1 and 4 at different aerosol temperatures
图 16 在不同入口速度下, 气溶胶温度对颗粒收集效率的影响
Figure 16. Effect of aerosol temperature on particle collection efficiency at different inlet velocities
图 17 在入口速度0.5 ~ 3 m/s下, 气溶胶温度对d50的影响
Figure 17. Influence of aerosol temperature on d50 at the inlet velocity of 0.5 ~ 3 m/s
表 1 撞击器特征尺寸和操作条件
Table 1. The characteristic size and operating conditions of the impactor
Stage W/mm S/mm D/mm T/mm Pout/kPa Pressure ratio Re 4 1.4 3 7 3 98.41 0.999 680 1 8.3 12 41.5 16 98.54 1.000 1600 
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表 2 网格参数设置
Table 2. Grid parameter settings
Parameter Stage4 value Stage1 value base size/mm 0.9 4.5 target surface size-percentage of base/% 5 5 minimum surface size-percentage of base/% 5 5 surface growth rate 1.001 1.001 volume growth rate 1 1
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表 3 气溶胶温度对d50的影响 (u = 2 m/s)
Table 3. Effect of aerosol temperature on d50 (u = 2 m/s)
Aerosol temperature/K Stage 4 d50/µm Stage 4 ∆d50/µm Stage1 d50/µm Stage 1 ∆d50/µm 233 2.29 −0.20 8.87 −0.73 253 2.36 −0.13 9.14 −0.46 273 2.43 −0.06 9.39 −0.21 293(base case) 2.49 — 9.60 — 313 2.56 + 0.07 9.82 + 0.22 333 2.62 + 0.13 9.98 + 0.38
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表 4 气溶胶温度对d50的影响 (u = 2 m/s)
Table 4. Effect of aerosol temperature on d50 (u = 2 m/s)
Aerosol temperature/K Stage 4 d50/µm Stage 4 ∆d50/µm Stage 1 d50/µm Stage 1 ∆d50/µm 233 2.32 −0.12 9.67 + 0.11 253 2.38 −0.06 9.81 + 0.25 273 2.42 −0.02 9.86 + 0.30 293(base case) 2.44 — 9.56 — 313 2.44 0 9.37 −0.19 333 2.44 0 9.36 −0.30
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