A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE TORSIONAL VIBRATION ATTENUATION OF CLOSED-LOOP INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE SHAFTING USING TUNED MASS DAMPER AND NONLINEAR ENERGY SINK
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摘要: 传统线性减振器在抑制内燃机轴系的扭转振动方面有着长期的应用, 但较窄的减振带宽限制了其性能的发挥. 考虑到内燃机闭环轴系的周期性激振力随转速的变化而变化, 其在相对较宽的频率域内实现高效的减振十分必要. 为了探究非线性能量阱(nonlinear energy sink, NES) 替代调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper, TMD) 抑制曲轴扭转振动的可行性, 本文将建立曲轴的多惯量非线性闭环自激耦合振荡模型, 在此基础上, 研究TMD和NES对闭环曲轴扭振减振的影响规律. 分析过程综合考虑了轴系不同轴段位置的瞬态和稳态扭转振动, 除此之外, 定义了振动密度, 性能领先效率和波动率3种函数综合考虑不同动力吸振器(dynamic vibration absorber, DVA) 的性能优劣. 讨论了NES和TMD在不同的设计参数下(变刚度、变阻尼和变位置排布) 的减振效率和鲁棒性. 结果表明, NES和TMD控制曲轴扭振时具有不同的刚度及阻尼失效区间. 随着设计参数的变化, NES和TMD的减振性能交替领先, NES的综合性能领先了24.5%, TMD的综合性能领先了3.3%. 同时, NES具有较高的阻尼依赖性(13.6%), TMD具有较高的刚度(3.6%)及位置依赖性(25.6%).Abstract: Traditional linear vibration absorber has long been used in vibration suppression, but its performance is limited by its narrow bandwidth. Considering that the cyclic excitation force of closed-loop shafting of internal combustion engine varies with the speed, it is necessary to achieve efficient vibration reduction in a relatively wide frequency domain. In order to investigate the feasibility of nonlinear energy sink (NES) replacing tuned mass damper (TMD) to suppress the torsional vibration of crankshaft, a multi-inertias nonlinear closed-loop self-excited coupled oscillation model (M-NCSCO) is established in this study. Based on this, the effects of TMD and NES on torsional vibration of crankshaft are studied. The transient and steady-state torsional oscillations at different coaxial segments of shafting are considered comprehensively in the analysis process. In addition, three functions of vibration density, performance lead efficiency and fluctuation ratio are defined to consider the performance of the dynamic vibration absorbers (DVA). The efficiency and robustness of NES and TMD under different design parameters (variable stiffness, variable damping and variable position arrangement) are discussed. The results show that NES and TMD have different stiffness and damping failure interval when controlling crankshaft torsional vibration. With the change of design parameters, NES and TMD lead the performance of vibration reduction alternately, with a combined performance of 24.5% for NES and 3.3% for TMD. At the same time, NES has a high damping dependence (13.6%), TMD has a high stiffness dependence (3.6%) and position dependence (25.6%).
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图 2 某四冲程柴油机轴系集总参数模型
Figure 2. Lumped parameter model of a four-stroke diesel engine shafting
图 5 单一气缸内燃烧压力随曲轴转角的变化曲线
Figure 5. The curve of the combustion pressure in a single cylinder with the angle of the crankshaft
图 6 附加TMD的四冲程柴油机轴系集总参数模型
Figure 6. Lumped parameter model of four - stroke diesel engine shafting coupled with TMD
图 7 附加NES的四冲程柴油机轴系集总参数模型
Figure 7. Lumped parameter model of four - stroke diesel engine shafting coupled with NES
图 8 曲轴扭转振动的瞬态和稳态过程
Figure 8. Transient and steady-state processes of crankshaft torsional vibration
图 13 Fig. 13改变DVA位置排布在不同轴段位置处对VI的影响
Figure 13. The effect of changing the DVA position arrangement at different coaxial segment positions on VI
图 14 综合考虑各轴段振动时不同DVA排布对的VI的影响
Figure 14. The influence of different DVA arrangement on VI of each axial segment is considered comprehensively
图 15 不同工况下DVA性能对比示意图
Figure 15. Comparison diagram of DVA performance under different working conditions
表 1 发动机运转时的主要状态
Table 1. The main parameters of marine diesel engine operating conditions.
Speed/rpm Power/kW Injection time/(°)ATDC 1000 110 −26 1000 165 −26 1000 220 −26 
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