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双层多孔板结构相变发汗冷却的数值模拟研究

刘韬略 吕玉妹 栾芸 贺菲 王建华

刘韬略, 吕玉妹, 栾芸, 贺菲, 王建华. 双层多孔板结构相变发汗冷却的数值模拟研究. 力学学报, 2024, 56(1): 1-9 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-23-268
引用本文: 刘韬略, 吕玉妹, 栾芸, 贺菲, 王建华. 双层多孔板结构相变发汗冷却的数值模拟研究. 力学学报, 2024, 56(1): 1-9 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-23-268
Liu Taolue, Lyu Yumei, Luan Yun, He Fei, Wang Jianhua. Numerical investigation on double-layer porous plate of transpiration cooling with phase change. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2024, 56(1): 1-9 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-23-268
Citation: Liu Taolue, Lyu Yumei, Luan Yun, He Fei, Wang Jianhua. Numerical investigation on double-layer porous plate of transpiration cooling with phase change. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2024, 56(1): 1-9 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-23-268

双层多孔板结构相变发汗冷却的数值模拟研究

doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-23-268
基金项目: 国家重点研发基金(2022YFB3707000)和国家自然科学基金(U22B20135)资助项目
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    贺菲, 副教授, 主要研究方向为多孔介质多相流和传热基础研究及其在空天飞行器热防护和燃料电池储能技术中的应用. E-mail: hefeihe@ustc.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: V4

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON DOUBLE-LAYER POROUS PLATE OF TRANSPIRATION COOLING WITH PHASE CHANGE

  • 摘要: 为了提高相变发汗冷却的冷却性能, 提出不同孔隙率组合的双层多孔板结构设计代替传统的单层多孔板结构. 以液态水作为冷却剂, 使用修正后的局部热非平衡两相混合流模型, 数值研究了不同孔隙率组合的多孔板内流−固耦合传热和冷却剂流动输运特性. 数值模拟结果表明存在可以降低结构表面温度的双层多孔板设计, 并且在冷却剂流量较大、液体水相变发生在上层多孔板内时, 该新型结构相较于传统结构的表面温度降低更为明显. 与此同时, 冷却剂的注射压力被重点关注. 由于水蒸气的运动黏度远高于液体水, 研究中发现当冷却剂相变发生在多孔板内时, 冷却剂的注射压力主要取决于水蒸气所集中的上层多孔板孔隙率. 因此基于多孔介质内的渗流特性, 采用孔隙率较大的上层多孔板有助于降低结构内的水蒸气压力, 从而实现多孔板板底冷却剂注射压力的降低, 在某一孔隙率组合中冷却剂注射压力的最大降幅可以达到65%. 如果采用相反的孔隙率设计, 即下层多孔板的孔隙率较大, 虽然也可以在一定程度上降低表面温度, 但是注射压力将会数倍增加, 不利于相变发汗冷却的实际应用.

     

  • 图  1  双层多孔板发汗冷却示意图

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of transpiration cooling with double-layers

    图  2  3种不同网格下多孔介质内固体温度分布

    Figure  2.  Solid temperature distribution in porous plate under three different meshes

    图  3  仿真结果和实验数据的比较

    Figure  3.  Comparison of numerical results and experimental data

    图  4  case1 ~ case4多孔板内沿y轴的温度分布

    Figure  4.  The temperature distributions in porous plate of case1−case4

    图  5  case1, case2和 case5多孔板内沿y轴的温度分布

    Figure  5.  The temperature distributions in porous plate of case1, case2, and case5

    图  6  不同冷却剂质量流量下case1, case2和case5的表面温度

    Figure  6.  The surface temperature of case1, case2 and case5 under different coolant mass flux

    图  7  不同冷却剂质量流量下, case1, case2和case5的注射压力

    Figure  7.  The injection pressure of case1, case2 and case5 under different coolant mass flux

    图  8  case1, case2和case5中多孔板沿y轴的压力分布

    Figure  8.  The pressure distributions in porous plate of case1, case2, and case5

    表  1  双层多孔板孔隙率组合设计

    Table  1.   Different double-layer porous plate combinations

    Case εA εB
    case1 0.5 0.5
    case2 0.4 0.6
    case3 0.3 0.7
    case4 0.2 0.8
    case5 0.6 0.4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  LTNE-TPMM中的本构关系[9]

    Table  2.   Constitutive relationships in LTNE-TPMM[9]

    Variables/coefficients Constitutive relationships
    mixture density $ \rho = \rho_{1} {{s}} + \rho_{{v}}(1-{s}) $
    mixture kinetic viscosity $ v-\dfrac{1}{k_{rl} / v_{l} + k_{rv} / v_{v}} $
    relative permeability $ k_{rl} = s^{3}, k_{rv} = (1-s)^{3} $
    relative mobility $ \lambda_{l} = v k_{rl}/v_{l}, \lambda_{v} = v k_{rv}/v_{v} $
    mixture velocity $ u = ({\rho _l}{u_l} + {\rho _v}{u_v})/\rho $
    mixture enthalpy $ h_{f}-\left[\rho_{l} s h_{l} + \rho_{v}(1-s) h_{v}\right] / \rho $
    mixture dynamic viscosity $ \mu-\rho v $
    specific surface area $ \alpha_{sf}-6(1-\varepsilon ) / d_{p} $
    advection coefficient $\gamma_h=\dfrac{\dfrac{\rho_l h_{l, {\mathrm{s a t}}}}{\mu_l} k_{r l}+\dfrac{\rho_v h_{v, \text {sat}}}{\mu_v} k_{r v}}{\dfrac{\rho_l h_{l, {\mathrm{s a t}}}}{\mu_l} s+\dfrac{\rho_v h_{v, \text {sat}}}{\mu_v}(1-s)} $
    convective heat transfer coefficient $h_{s i}=\left(\dfrac{k_i}{d_P}\right)\left(2.0+1.1 {Pr}_i^{0.33} {Re}^{0.6}\right), i=l, v $
    solid-fluid heat transfer in pores $q_{{sf}}=\left\{\begin{aligned}&h_{sl} \alpha_{s f}\left(T_s-T_l\right), \qquad \text { in liquid region } \\&q_{{\mathrm{boil}}}+(1-s) h_{sv} \alpha_{sf}\left(T_s-T_{{\mathrm{s a t}}}\right), \qquad \text { in two-phase region } \\&h_{sv} \alpha_{sf}\left(T_s-T_v\right), \qquad \text { in vapor region }\end{aligned}\right. $
    heat transfer of nucleate boiling $q_{{\mathrm{b o i l}}}=s \alpha_{s f} \mu h_{f g}\left[\dfrac{g\left(\rho_l-\rho_v\right)}{\sigma}\right]^{0.5}\left[\dfrac{c_{p, l}\left(T_s-T_{{\mathrm{s a t}}}\right)}{c_{s, f} h_{f g} {Pr}_l}\right]^3 $
    mixture pressure $\nabla P=\lambda \nabla P_l+(1-\lambda) \nabla P_v $
    capillary pressure $P_v-P_l=P_c=\left(\dfrac{\varepsilon}{K}\right)^{1 / 2} \sigma J(s) $
    capillary pressure function $J(s)=1.417(1-s)-2.120(1-s)^2+1.26 $
    capillary diffusion coefficient $D(s)=\dfrac{K}{v(s)} \lambda(1-\lambda)\left(\dfrac{\varepsilon}{K}\right)^{0.5} \sigma\left[-J'(s)\right] $
    diffusion coefficient $\varGamma_h= \left\{\begin{aligned}&\varepsilon k_l, \qquad T_M \leqslant T_{{\mathrm{s a t}}} \\&c_{p, l} D(s) \frac{{\mathrm{d}} s}{{\mathrm{d}} \lambda}, \qquad T_{{\mathrm{s a t}}} < T_M < T_{{\mathrm{s a t}}}+\frac{h_{f g}}{c_{p, l}} \\&\varepsilon k_v \frac{c_{p, l}}{c_{p, v}}, \qquad T_M \geqslant T_{{\mathrm{s a t}}}+\frac{h_{f g}}{c_{p, l}}\end{aligned}\right. $
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  水和水蒸气的物性[24]

    Table  3.   The properties of liquid water and vapor[24]

    Property Liquid Vapor
    density/(kg·m−3) 960 ideal gas law
    specific heat/(103 J·kg−1·K−1) 4.21 2.03
    conductivity/
    (10−3 W·m−1·K−1)
    680 −21.994433 + 0.11842T
    viscosity/(10−3 kg·m−1·s−1) 24.141 × 10247.8/(T−140) −2.77567 + 0.04035T
    Prandtl number $\boldsymbol{u}_l c_{p, l} / k_l $ 0.984
    下载: 导出CSV

    A1  符号表

    A1.   Table of symbols

    Symbol Representation
    T temperature, K
    P pressure, Pa
    u velocity, m/s
    cp specific heat, J/(kg·k)
    dp average particle diameter, m
    h specific enthalpy, J/kg
    hfg latent heat of evaporation, J/kg
    s liquid saturation
    Pr Prandtl number
    Re Reynolds number
    ρ density, kg/m3
    ε porosity
    ν kinematic viscosity, m2/s
    μ dynamic viscosity, N·s/m2
    λ relative mobility
    σ interfacial tension, N/m
    L porous plate thickness, mm
    subscript
    l, v liquid, vapor
    f fluid
    s solid
    eff effective
    sat saturated
    A upper porous plate
    B lower porous plate
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-06-28
  • 录用日期:  2023-09-14
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-09-15

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