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基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的局部网格加密算法——粗细网格间的数据转换

刘春友 李作旭 王连平

刘春友, 李作旭, 王连平. 基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的局部网格加密算法——粗细网格间的数据转换. 力学学报, 2023, 55(11): 2480-2503 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-23-229
引用本文: 刘春友, 李作旭, 王连平. 基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的局部网格加密算法——粗细网格间的数据转换. 力学学报, 2023, 55(11): 2480-2503 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-23-229
Liu Chunyou, Li Zuoxu, Wang Lianping. Local grid refinement approach for lattice Boltzmann method: distribution function conversion between coarse and fine grids. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2023, 55(11): 2480-2503 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-23-229
Citation: Liu Chunyou, Li Zuoxu, Wang Lianping. Local grid refinement approach for lattice Boltzmann method: distribution function conversion between coarse and fine grids. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2023, 55(11): 2480-2503 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-23-229

基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的局部网格加密算法——粗细网格间的数据转换

doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-23-229
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11988102, 91852205), 广东省湍流基础研究与应用重点实验室(2023B1212060001), 粤港澳数据驱动流体力学及工程应用联合实验室(2020B1212030001)和深圳市科技计划(KQTD20180411143441009, 2020-148)资助项目
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    王连平, 教授, 主要研究方向为基于玻尔兹曼方程的介观计算方法及其在复杂流动直接数值模拟中的应用. E-mail: wanglp@sustech.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: O357

LOCAL GRID REFINEMENT APPROACH FOR LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD: DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION CONVERSION BETWEEN COARSE AND FINE GRIDS

  • 摘要: 格子Boltzmann方法作为一种高效的介观计算流体力学方法在过去20多年里得到快速发展, 其相对较高的计算效率和灵活性使其可以适用于各种复杂流动的模拟. 然而标准的格子Boltzmann方法只能使用均匀的直角网格, 这种网格排布方式并不利于复杂流动的计算. 为此, 基于格子Boltzmann方法的局部网格加密算法在文献中被提出. 该算法需要在局部加密的界面处将粗细网格间的分布函数转换后交换. 目前分布函数的转换方式大多是在没有源项的情况下推导的, 而且现存考虑源项时转换公式的推导也都是基于Chapman-Enskog展开; 其推导过程相对复杂, 且需要对分布函数的非平衡态部分做一阶Chapman-Enskog近似, 这有可能会限制局部网格加密算法在高阶格子Boltzmann方法中的应用. 文章在忽略时空离散误差的前提下, 以保证连续分布函数变量以及物理松弛系数一致为基础, 构建了一套规范且简洁的粗细网格间在考虑任意源项时, 分布函数转换关系的推导过程, 该方法不依赖于Chapman-Enskog展开以及Chapman-Enskog近似, 且该方法既可以适用于单松弛碰撞模型也可以适用于多松弛碰撞模型. 此外, 还从理论上证明了, 保证粗细网格间非平衡态部分的一阶 Chapman-Enskog 近似一致, 便可以保证整个非平衡态部分的一致, 这将有助于扩展局部网格加密算法中转换关系的应用范围. 最后, 通过对强迫泰勒−格林涡流动、平板泊肃叶流中对流−扩散问题和顶盖驱动方腔流动进行数值模拟, 良好的数值结果证实了转换关系对复杂源项的适应性以及局部网格加密技术在处理复杂流动问题方面的优势. 同时, 通过对一维剪切波问题的模拟, 发现由局部网格加密引起的数值黏性与加密区域的选取有很大的关系.

     

  • 图  1  D2Q9 离散速度模型示意图

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of D2Q9 discrete velocity model

    图  2  粗细网格排布示意图. 灰色区域为粗细网格的重叠区域

    Figure  2.  Schematic diagram of the coarse and fine grid arrangement. The grey area is the overlap between the coarse and fine grids

    图  3  强迫泰勒−格林涡各宏观量的分布云图($Q=0.5,\;tU_0/L=1$, 黑色矩形框内的区域为加密区域)

    Figure  3.  The contours of each macroscopic quantity of the forced Taylor-Green vortex ($Q=0.5,\;tU_0/L=1$, the area inside the black rectangular box is the refinement region)

    图  4  强迫泰勒−格林涡中在$ (x/L,y/L)=(0.4,0.25) $点处各宏观量随时间的变化. (a) ~ (c)分别为BGK模型和MRT模型下的相对压力 $ P-P_0 $、水平方向速度 $ u_x $和黏性应力 $ \sigma_{xx} $与理论结果的对比

    Figure  4.  The variation of each macroscopic quantity with time at the point $ (x/L,y/L)=(0.4,0.25) $ in the forced Taylor-Green vortex. (a) ~ (c) are comparisons between the relative pressure $ P-P_0 $, velocity in the $ x $ direction $ u_x $ and viscous stress $ \sigma_{xx} $ under BGK model and MRT model, respectively, and the theoretical results

    图  5  强迫泰勒−格林涡中各宏观量的剖线图($tU_0/L=1,\;y/L=0.25$, 两条黑色虚线间的区域为加密区域). (a) ~ (c)分别为BGK模型和MRT模型下相对压力 $ P-P_0 $、水平方向速度 $ u_x $和黏性应力 $ \sigma_{xx} $与理论结果的对比

    Figure  5.  Profile diagram of each macroscopic quantity of forced Taylor-Green vortex ($ tU_0/L=1,\;y/L=0.25 $, the area between the two black dashed lines is refined). (a) ~ (c) are comparisons between the relative pressure $ P-P_0 $, velocity in the $ x $ direction $ u_x $ and viscous stress $ \sigma_{xx} $ under BGK model and MRT model, respectively, and the theoretical results

    图  6  平板泊肃叶流中对流−扩散问题示意图

    Figure  6.  Schematic diagram of diffusion problem in a planar Poiseuille flow

    图  7  平板泊肃叶流中对流−扩散问题(黑色虚线为加密界面). (a) ~ (d)分别为BGK模型下水平方向速度 $ u_x $、标量 $ \phi $、通量 $ J_x $和$ J_y $与理论结果的对比

    Figure  7.  Diffusion problem in a planar Poiseuille flow (the black dashed lines are the refinement interface). (a) ~ (d) represent the velocity in x direction $ u_x $, scalar $ \phi $, flux $ J_y $ and $ J_x $ compared with theoretical results under the BGK model

    图  8  顶盖驱动方腔流4个角点示意图, 其中黑色粗实线代表壁面

    Figure  8.  Diagram of four corner points of the square cavity flow driven by the top lid, where the thick black line represents the wall surface

    图  9  $ Re=1000 $时顶盖驱动方腔流的压力分布云图对比, (a) ~ (d)分别为UCG, UFG, EQ和UCG-L对应的压力分布云图 ((d)中的黑色直线为加密界面, 界面以上为加密区域)

    Figure  9.  When $ Re=1000 $, the contours of pressure of the lid-driven cavity flow are compared. (a) ~ (d) are the contours of pressure corresponding to UCG, UFG, EQ and UCG-L, respectively (the black line in (d) is the grid refinement interface, and the area above the black line is the refinement area)

    图  10  $ Re=1000 $时顶盖驱动方腔流中无量纲速度的剖线图, UCG, UFG, EQ和UCG-L与参考数据的对比. (a) 沿垂直直线穿过几何中心的$ u_x/U_w $, (b)为其局部放大, (c) 沿水平直线穿过几何中心的$ u_y/U_w $, (d)为其局部放大

    Figure  10.  Profile diagram of dimensionless velocity in a lid-driven cavity flow when $ Re=1000 $, comparison of UCG, UFG, EQ and UCG-L with reference data. (a) $ u_x/U_w $ in a vertical straight line through the center of the geometry, (b) local amplification of (a), (c) $ u_y/U_w $ in a horizontal straight line through the center of the geometry, (d) local amplification of (c)

    图  11  一维剪切波问题示意图

    Figure  11.  Schematic diagram of one-dimensional shear wave problem

    图  12  一维剪切波问题在不同加密区域下均匀网格和非均匀网格对应的数值黏性和物理黏性之比的分布情况(黑色虚线为加密界面). (a) ~ (d)分别为不同加密区域下UCG-L和UCG对应的数值黏性和物理黏性之比随$ y/H $变化的剖线图 (续)

    Figure  12.  For one-dimensional shear wave problem, the distribution of the ratio of numerical viscosity and physical viscosity corresponding to uniform and non-uniform grids in different refinement regions (the black dashed line is the refinement interface). (a) ~ (d) are the cross-section plots of the ratio of numerical viscosity and physical viscosity corresponding to UCG-L and UCG with $ y/H $ in different refinement regions, respectively (continued)

    表  1  不同分辨率下程序演化1000步时CPU消耗时间对比

    Table  1.   Comparison of CPU consumption time when the program evolves 1000 steps at different resolutions

    UCGUCG-LUFG
    CPU time/s1.6565.8036.782
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-06-06
  • 录用日期:  2023-09-14
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-09-15
  • 刊出日期:  2023-11-23

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