A REVIEW OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR MODELLING PARTICLE BREAKAGE
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摘要: 颗粒材料在自然界和工程领域普遍存在, 外载荷作用下颗粒可能发生破碎现象. 颗粒材料的破碎行为会引起其物理力学性质的变化, 给工程和建筑建设带来极大影响. 研究宏、细观尺度下颗粒材料的破碎行为不仅可以揭示颗粒破碎的力学机理, 还对工程领域的安全和正常进行提供保障. 因此, 分析颗粒破碎过程既具有实际工程意义, 又有理论研究价值. 文章综述了颗粒破碎行为研究的数值分析方法, 在基于离散元法理论的数值方法中, 介绍了黏结−破碎法和碎片替代法; 在基于离散元−有限元耦合算法的方法中, 介绍了比例边界有限元法、组合有限元−离散元法和内聚力模型; 此外还详细介绍了近场动力学方法. 文章主要梳理并讨论了以上数值方法的提出、实现过程、发展、关键问题、优势以及这些方法的不足之处. 此外, 针对每一种数值方法回顾了国内外的研究成果以及在工程中的主要应用, 对每种方法重点关注的问题进行了介绍. 最后对目前关于颗粒破碎的数值研究进行总结, 并对今后的发展方向进行简单的展望.Abstract: Granular materials exist widely in nature and engineering fields. Particles may break under external loads. The breakage behavior of granular materials will cause changes in their physical and mechanical properties, which will have a great effect on engineering and construction. The study of the breakage behavior of particles at macro and micro scales can not only reveal the mechanical mechanism of particle breakage, but also provide guarantee for the safety and normal operation of the engineering field. Therefore, the analysis of particle breakage process has both practical engineering significance and theoretical research value. In this paper, the numerical analysis methods of particle breakage behavior are reviewed. Among the numerical methods based on discrete element method (DEM), the bonded particle model (BPM) and fragment replacement method (FRM) are introduced. In the method based on discrete element-finite element coupling algorithm, the proportional boundary finite element method, combined finite element-discrete element method (FDEM) and cohesive zone model (CZM) are introduced. In addition, the Peridynamics (PD) method is introduced in detail. The proposal, implementation process, development, key issues, advantages and disadvantages of the above numerical methods are summarized and discussed. In addition, the research results at home and abroad and the main applications in engineering are reviewed for each numerical method, and the key issues of each method are introduced. Finally, the current numerical research on particle breakage is summarized, and the future development direction is briefly prospected.
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图 3 单颗粒、三颗粒柱的SMT和DEM图像以及不同荷载水平下实验室规模的压缩试验[26]: (a)初始粒子接触后的状态; (b)颗粒断裂前的状态; (c)粒子断裂后的状态
Figure 3. SMT and DEM images of single-particle and three-particle columns as well as laboratory-scale compression tests under different load levels[26]: (a) State after initial particle contact; (b) the state of particles before fracture; (c) the state of the particle after fracture
图 10 平整冰与海洋工程结构物互相作用并发生破碎
Figure 10. Interaction and fragmentation between flat ice and marine engineering structures
图 17 由Hock-Brown准则得到的破坏点
Figure 17. Failure points obtained from the Hock Brown criterion
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