EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON INERT GAS MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC POWER GENERATION BY DETONATION-DRIVEN
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摘要: 磁流体发电装置作为一种特殊的高功率脉冲电源, 具有效率高、容量大、启动快的优点, 制约其发展的关键在于如何获得高电导率的发电工质. 爆轰驱动具有远超常规方式的驱动能力, 在提供高温、高电导率气体方面独具优势. 将爆轰驱动激波管技术应用于磁流体发电, 有利于突破磁流体发电技术瓶颈, 故据此开展了基于爆轰驱动激波管技术的惰性气体磁流体发电试验研究. 爆轰驱动根据激波管点火位置不同分为反向和正向两种运行模式, 反向爆轰驱动可提供时间较长、状态稳定的试验气流, 而正向爆轰优势在于产生高焓试验气流. 试验系统由爆轰驱动激波管、拉瓦尔喷管、发电通道、电磁铁和真空罐等组成, 试验中分别以反向爆轰和正向爆轰驱动激波管产生发电工质, 利用激波将惰性气体压缩至高温从而发生电离, 形成的等离子体经喷管加速后, 最终在法拉第直线型发电机内切割磁感线输出电能. 磁场强度0.9 T的条件下, 反向爆轰在负载3.5 Ω时获得了较稳定的1.9 kW输出功率, 持续时间1.5 ms; 外接35 mΩ负载时, 正向爆轰在0.3 ms内短时输出功率高达212 kW, 功率密度为0.2 GW/m3. 试验成功验证了基于爆轰驱动激波管技术的惰性气体磁流体发电方案的可行性, 为高功率脉冲电源的应用与发展提供了新的方法.Abstract: As a special high-power pulse supply, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation device has many advantages, such as high efficiency, large capacity, and fast startup. The key to restrict the development of it is how to obtain the working gas with high conductivity. The driving capacity of detonation-driven is far beyond the conventional mode. It has unique advantages in providing high temperature and high conductivity gas. Applying the detonation-driven shock tube technology to MHD power generation is beneficial to breaking through the technical bottleneck, so an experimental study of inert gas MHD power generation based on detonation-driven shock tube was carried out. According to different ignition positions, detonation-driven shock tube can be divided into backward mode and forward mode. Backward detonation-driven mode can provide a long time and stable state of the gas, while forward detonation-driven mode has the advantage of producing high enthalpy gas. The test system is composed of detonation-driven shock tube, Laval nozzle, power channel, electromagnet, vacuum tank, load resistance and other measuring devices. In the test, plasma flow is generated by backward or forward detonation-driven shock tube. The inert gas is compressed to high temperature and high conductivity by shock wave, ionized into conductive plasma. The plasma accelerates to high speed inside the nozzle, then cut the magnetic induction line in linear shaped faraday-type generator to generate electricity. Under the condition of 0.9 T magnetic induction intensity, the stable output power at 3.5 Ω load reaches 1.9 kW by backward detonation-driven with a duration of 1.5 ms. With an external load of 35 mΩ, the generator can produce up to 212 kW for a short time within 0.3 ms by forward detonation-driven, and the power density is 0.2 GW/m3. The experiment successfully verified the feasibility of inert gas MHD power generation by detonation-driven shock tube. And it provides a new method for the application and development of high-power pulse supply.
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Key words:
- gaseous detonation /
- MHD power generation /
- shock tube /
- plasma /
- Faraday-type generator
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图 2 爆轰驱动磁流体发电结构示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of detonation-driven MHD power generation
图 7 负载3.5 Ω时反向爆轰驱动磁流体发电试验结果
Figure 7. Results of backward detonation-driven MHD power generation under 3.5 Ω load resistance
图 8 负载1 Ω时正向爆轰驱动磁流体发电试验结果
Figure 8. Results of forward detonation-driven MHD power generation under 1 Ω load resistance
图 9 不同负载下正向爆轰驱动磁流体发电试验结果
Figure 9. Results of forward detonation-driven MHD power generation under different load resistance
表 1 反向爆轰驱动激波管性能参数
Table 1. Performance parameters of backward detonation-driven shock tube
Type Parameter mole ratio of driver gas H2:O2 = 2.5:1 initial pressure of driver gas/MPa 0.4 driven gas Ar initial pressure of driven gas/Pa 2500 incident shock Mach number 9.8 T5/kK 13 P5/MPa 1.5 
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表 2 正向爆轰驱动激波管性能参数
Table 2. Performance parameters of forward detonation-driven shock tube
Type Parameter mole ratio of driver gas H2:O2 = 3.5:1 initial pressure of driver gas/MPa 0.4 driven gas Ar initial pressure of driven gas/Pa 1250 incident shock Mach number 14 T5/kK 16 P5/MPa 2.5
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表 3 试验工况
Table 3. Working conditions
Type Parameter driven gas Ar T5(backward detonation-driven)/K 1.3 × 104 P5(backward detonation-driven)/MPa 1.5 T5(forward detonation-driven)/K 1.6 × 104 P5(forward detonation-driven)/MPa 2.5 area ratio (exit/throat) 2 load resistance/Ω 0.035 ~ 3.5 magnetic flux density/T 0.9
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