IMPACT OF RUDDER GEOMETRY ON THE WAKE EVOLUTIONS OF PROPELLER-RUDDER INTERACTION
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摘要: 发生在桨和舵之间的干扰会影响螺旋桨尾流的演化, 导致尾流场中的湍流在下游增强, 恶化船舶的振动和噪声性能, 深入分析舵几何参数对桨−舵系统尾流场演化的影响能够为推进器尾流场的调节和减振降噪提供新思路. 因此, 从弦长、剖面和梯形舵入手分析不同的舵几何参数对螺旋桨尾流场演化特性的影响, 使用大漩涡模拟方法模拟流场中的湍流结构, 对不同舵弦长、剖面下的螺旋桨尾涡结构演化进行了分析, 在舵弦长、剖面影响螺旋桨尾流场演化的研究的基础上分析了梯形舵对螺旋桨尾涡结构的影响, 进一步分析了梯形舵影响下的螺旋桨尾流场中湍动能的分布. 结果表明舵的弦长和剖面均会影响螺旋桨尾流场的演化, 这种影响表现为更大的弦长和更厚的剖面会促进螺旋桨梢涡在舵压力面上的偏移, 更薄的舵剖面会带来更强烈的螺旋桨毂涡偏移; 涡管轮廓和舵表面脉动压力的对比均表明梯形舵会促进螺旋桨尾流场沿逆舵梯度方向偏移, 从而导致螺旋桨的尾涡结构在舵两侧及下游呈现不对称分布, 桨−舵系统下游的湍流结构与螺旋桨尾涡−舵碰撞过程、螺旋桨尾涡−舵随边涡干扰过程、螺旋桨梢涡−螺旋桨毂涡干扰有关, 偏移更大的螺旋桨尾涡结构会在尾流场中更早地引起湍动能增强.Abstract: The evolutions of propeller wake can be impacted by interaction between the propeller and rudder which results in turbulence enhancement in the propeller wake. The turbulence in the propeller wake worsens vibrations and noise on vessels. The intensive research aimed on the wake evolution in the propeller-rudder interaction brings sights on the control of propeller wake and relief of vibrations and noises. Hence, the rudders with different chord and profile are employed to investigate the impact of rudder geometry on the evolutions of propeller wake. Large eddy simulation method is used to simulate the turbulence in the flow field. The propeller vortices obtained with different rudder chords and profiles are compared in present study. The impact of trapezoidal rudder on the propeller wake evolution are studied based on the research aimed on the impact of rudder chords and profiles on the propeller wake. The distributions of turbulence kinetic energy in the interaction between the trapezoidal rudder and propeller are also researched in present study. Results show that both of rudder chord and rudder profile can impact the evolutions of propeller wake. Larger chord and thicker profile of the rudder enhance the span-wise displacement of propeller tip vortices. Thinner profile leads to more intense displacement of propeller hub vortex. The vortex trajectory and pressure fluctuations on the rudder surface indicate that trapezoidal rudder enhances the span-wise displacement occurring in anti-direction of rudder tapering. This enhancement takes asymmetry to the propeller wake around the rudder and in the downstream. The turbulences in the propeller wake can be related to the collisions between the propeller vortices and rudder, between the propeller vortices and rudder trail vortex, between the propeller tip vortices and hub vortex. The more intense span-wise displacement of propeller wake induced by trapezoidal rudder brings earlier enhancement on turbulence in the propeller wake.
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图 4 数值模拟结果与试验结果的对比
Figure 4. Comparison between the numerical results and experimental results
表 1 螺旋桨几何参数
Table 1. Geometric characteristics of propeller
Diameter D Number of blades N 227 mm 4 
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表 2 收敛性分析
Table 2. Grid uncertainty analysis
Number of cells KT 10KQ 100CR G1 3.747×107 0.2064 0.3674 0.3066 G2 1.507×107 0.2083 0.3698 0.3163 G3 6.280×106 0.2107 0.3732 0.3536 RG 0.7917 0.7059 0.2601 PG 0.6943 1.0352 4.0029 δ 0.0072 0.0058 0.0034 CG 0.2741 0.4340 2.9639 UG 0.0072 0.0058 0.0168
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