CO2 SEQUESTRATION IN UCG CAVITIES: RESEARCH PROGRESS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
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摘要: CO2捕集与埋存(CCS)可助力碳达峰、碳中和战略目标实现, 是解决温室效应的重要手段. 在众多地质埋存空间中, 煤炭地下气化(UCG)后的气化腔近年来成为埋存研究的热点, 但与传统埋存方式相比, 相关工作仍处于理论探索阶段, 缺乏现场实施案例. 为推动该埋存方式的发展, 文章从以下3方面开展工作. (1)介绍UCG和CO2气化腔埋存的国内外研究进展, 并将后者的发展划分为概念提出阶段、潜力评价和可行性分析阶段以及机理分析阶段, 目前尚处于理论探索阶段. (2)从注入性、密闭性、经济性、储容量和CO2埋存机理等多个角度出发, 通过与其他埋存方式对比, 分析了气化腔埋存的特点与优势: 注入性良好; 密闭性与未开发煤层类似, 但更为复杂; 显著节约CO2运输成本; 埋存潜力巨大; 埋存机理非常复杂, 需要考虑气化腔形态、边壁性质以及超临界CO2与气化腔流体间复杂相互作用对注入和长期埋存过程的影响. (3)阐明CO2气化腔埋存所涉及的关键科学问题和工程问题, 并指出未来发展趋势. 在以上工作的基础上, 建议国家出台相关政策鼓励和支持UCG及后续的CO2气化腔埋存, 丰富CCS体系, 推动煤炭资源的清洁化和低碳化利用.Abstract: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) could help a lot to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and is an effective way to deal with the Greenhouse effect. Among the geologic sequestration formations, the cavities resulting from deep underground coal gasification (UCG) become a hot topic in the research area of geologic CO2 sequestration. However, compared with conventional sequestration methods, the related work is still in the theoretical exploration stage and lack of trial tests. To promote the development of UCG cavity sequestration, we have done the work as follows. First, we introduce the research progress of UCG and post UCG cavity sequestration, and divide the development of the latter one into three stages including the early stage of conception, stage of quantitative assessment and feasibility analysis, and stage of mechanism analysis. Currently, it is still in a stage of theory exploration. Second, we compare the UCG cavity sequestration with the conventional sequestration options in detail from the perspective of injectivity, sealing capacity, economy, storage capacity, and trapping mechanism. The results show that the UCG cavity sequestration holds an excellent injectivity, has a similar sealing capacity to the unmined coal seams but more complex, is capable to reduce transport cost a lot, has a great potential in storage capacity, and has complex trapping mechanisms, owing to the additional effects of cavity morphology, wall properties, and interactions between supercritical CO2 and in-situ fluid on the injection and storage processes. Third, we point out the key scientific and engineering issues, and basic future development trends of the UCG cavity sequestration. Based on the above work, we suggest that the government introduces some policies to encourage and support the development of UCG and post cavity sequestration which could enrich the CCS family and promote the clean and low-carbon utilization of coal resources.
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Key words:
- underground coal gasification /
- carbon capture and storage /
- cavity /
- review /
- key issues /
- future development trends
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图 1 中国碳达峰、碳中和目标示意图
Figure 1. The schematic of China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality target
图 3 CO2气化腔埋存的简化地质模型, 红色区域为空腔, Jiang等[32]将其假设为高渗透区域(渗透率50000 mD, 是原煤的5000倍)(修自文献[32], 对于实际案例, 底部可能为灰渣、残留煤焦、垮落覆岩等)
Figure 3. A simplified geological model for CO2 sequestration in UCG cavity. Jiang et al.[32] assume that the red zone which represents the void is a highly permeable porous medium. The permeability of the red zone is 50000 mD that is 5000 times of the coal permeability (modified from Ref. [32])
表 1 部分CO2-EOR项目
Table 1. Part of CO2-EOR projects
Country Field/Project Permeability/mD China miscible CO2 flooding in Caoshe oil reservoir 24.77 China near miscible CO2 flooding in Gao 89-1 block 4.7 China immiscible CO2 flooding in Yaoyingtai region 1.9 China water alternating gas in Shayixia reservoir 690 Canada Weyburn oil field 15 USA Pennsylvanian Paradox group in Aneth oil field 20 USA Yates oil field 210 USA South Slattery oil field 23.34 Qatar Kharaib B reservoir in Al Shaheen field 1 ~ 10 
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表 2 部分ECBM项目
Table 2. Part of ECBM projects
Country Field/Project Permeability/mD USA Pump Canyon Site in the San Juan Basin 146 ~ 582 USA Allison unit pilot in the San Juan Basin 30 ~ 150 USA Tanquary Farms Site in southeast Illinois 2 ~ 7 (Ke) USA Fort Union Group in North Dakota < 1 Canada Medicine River coal seam in Alberta 3.65 (Ke) Poland Upper Silesian Coal Basin 0.4 ~ 1.5 China No. 3 coal seam in Shanxi Group, Qinshui Basin 0.13 ~ 0.76
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表 3 各种埋存方式的CO2储容量(修自文献[72])
Table 3. The storage capacity of different sequestration options (modified from Ref. [72])
Sequestration options Lower estimate/Gt Upper estimate/Gt oil and gas reservoirs 675 900 unminable coal seams 3 ~ 15 200 deep saline aquifers 1000 uncertain, possibly 10000 Note: the storage capacity of oil and gas reservoirs would increase by 25% if undiscovered fields were included
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