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踝关节外骨骼人机耦合动力学与助力性能分析

高钰清 靳葳 徐鉴 方虹斌

高钰清, 靳葳, 徐鉴, 方虹斌. 踝关节外骨骼人机耦合动力学与助力性能分析. 力学学报, 2022, 54(12): 3496-3512 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-22-472
引用本文: 高钰清, 靳葳, 徐鉴, 方虹斌. 踝关节外骨骼人机耦合动力学与助力性能分析. 力学学报, 2022, 54(12): 3496-3512 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-22-472
Gao Yuqing, Jin Wei, Xu Jian, Fang Hongbin. Human-machine coupling dynamics and assistance performance analysis of an ankle exoskeleton. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2022, 54(12): 3496-3512 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-22-472
Citation: Gao Yuqing, Jin Wei, Xu Jian, Fang Hongbin. Human-machine coupling dynamics and assistance performance analysis of an ankle exoskeleton. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2022, 54(12): 3496-3512 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-22-472

踝关节外骨骼人机耦合动力学与助力性能分析

doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-22-472
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11902078)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    方虹斌, 研究员, 主要研究方向: 仿生移动机器人、外骨骼人机协同动力学、折纸结构和折纸超材料和多体动力学与控制. E-mail: fanghongbin@fudan.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: O313

HUMAN-MACHINE COUPLING DYNAMICS AND ASSISTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AN ANKLE EXOSKELETON

  • 摘要: 踝关节在人体下肢运动过程中提供了最大的关节力矩, 因此在下肢增强型外骨骼的研究中, 踝关节外骨骼受到了重点关注. 穿戴外骨骼的人体的行走是典型的动力学问题, 但目前人机耦合动力学的相关研究还处于早期阶段. 本文以绳驱踝关节外骨骼为研究对象, 融合机器人正运动学方法和拉格朗日方程建立了考虑足−地交互力、人体关节力矩和外骨骼力矩的人−机耦合动力学模型. 模型中, 足−地交互力由Kelvin-Voigt模型结合库伦摩擦模型描述, 人体关节力矩由基于粒子群优化的PD控制生成, 外骨骼期望力矩由上层控制器依据人体步态周期确定. 通过基于模型的动力学仿真, 本文从人体踝关节角度、踝关节力矩、踝关节功率和踝关节做功多个角度系统分析了踝关节外骨骼对人体行走的助力效果. 研究表明, 在2.0 km/h到6.5 km/h的人体步行速度下, 穿戴外骨骼可以实现至少24.84%的人体踝关节平均力矩下降和至少24.69%的踝关节做功下降. 本文也开展了基于SCONE平台的肌肉骨骼建模和预测仿真. 仿真结果表明, 在3.6 km/h的步行速度下, 穿戴外骨骼可以有效降低比目鱼肌的激活度峰值, 并使肌电信号的RMS值下降了6.21%, 从而从生理学的角度证实了踝关节外骨骼的助力效果. 本文的结果进一步完善了人体下肢−外骨骼耦合系统的动力学建模和分析方法, 从动力学和生理学角度证实和解释了踝关节外骨骼对行走的助力机制, 也为今后下肢外骨骼的实验研究提供了理论支撑.

     

  • 图  1  人体−踝关节外骨骼耦合系统及人体下肢运动学模型

    Figure  1.  Human-ankle exoskeleton coupled system and the kinematic model of the human lower extremity

    1  人体−踝关节外骨骼耦合系统及人体下肢运动学模型 (续)

    1.  Human-ankle exoskeleton coupled system and the kinematic model of the human lower extremity (continued)

    图  2  人体−外骨骼耦合动力学模型

    Figure  2.  Dynamics model of the human-exoskeleton system

    图  3  步态阶段划分

    Figure  3.  Division of gait stages

    图  4  基于粒子群优化的人体关节力矩PD控制流程

    Figure  4.  Block diagram of the PSO-based PD controller for human joint torques

    图  5  踝关节外骨骼助力力矩曲线

    Figure  5.  Assistive torque curve of the ankle exoskeleton

    图  6  踝关节外骨骼期望力矩与实际力矩对比

    Figure  6.  Comparison of the actual torque with the desired torque of the ankle exoskeleton

    图  7  穿戴和未穿外骨骼情况下人体踝关节角度对比

    Figure  7.  A comparison of human ankle angles for the cases with and without exoskeleton

    图  8  穿戴和未穿外骨骼情况下人体踝关节力矩对比

    Figure  8.  A comparison of human ankle torques for the cases with and without exoskeleton

    图  9  穿戴和未穿外骨骼情况下人体踝关节功率对比

    Figure  9.  A comparison of the human ankle power for the cases with and without exoskeleton

    图  10  SCONE人体−外骨骼耦合系统的肌肉骨骼动力学模型

    Figure  10.  Musculoskeletal dynamic model of the human-exoskeleton coupled system in SCONE

    图  11  SCONE预测仿真结果

    Figure  11.  Simulation results of SCONE

    表  1  人体体节DH参数

    Table  1.   DH parameters of the human body segments

    ${i_{}}$${\alpha _{i - 1}}$${a_{i - 1}}$${d_i}$${\theta _i}$
    1000${\theta _{{\text{body}}}}$
    2000${\theta _{{\text{left\_hip}}}}$
    30${l_{{\text{left\_thigh}}}}$0${\theta _{{\text{left\_knee}}}}$
    40${l_{{\text{left\_shank}}}}$0${\theta _{{\text{left\_ankle}}}}$
    5000${\theta _{{\text{right\_hip}}}}$
    60${l_{{\text{right\_thigh}}}}$0${\theta _{{\text{right\_knee}}}}$
    70${l_{{\text{right\_shank}}}}$0${\theta _{{\text{right\_ankle}}}}$
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  人体节段长度和重量值

    Table  2.   Lengths and weights of human segments

    ParametersValues/mParametersValues/kg
    ${l_{{\text{body}}}}$0.3${m_{{\text{body}}}}$20.0
    ${l_{{\text{thigh}}}}$0.5${m_{{\text{thigh}}}}$7.0
    ${l_{{\text{shank}}}}$0.4${m_{{\text{shank}}}}$3.0
    ${l_{{\text{foot}}}}$0.25${m_{{\text{foot}}}}$1.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  粒子群优化算法参数值

    Table  3.   Parameters of the PSO Algorithm

    ParametersValuesParametersValues
    ${D_{}}$14${\omega _{}}$1
    ${m_{}}$100${c_1}$2
    ${n_{}}$50${c_2}$2
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  助力曲线的参数值

    Table  4.   Parameters of the assistance curve

    ParametersValuesParametersValues
    ${a_1}$−0.0025${a_2}$−0.0373
    ${b_1}$0.1978${b_2}$5.8800
    ${c_1}$−2.6865${c_2}$−302.4
    ${d_1}$10.1093${d_2}$5040
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同行走速度下外骨骼助力效果评估

    Table  5.   Evaluation of exoskeleton assistance effect under different walking speed

    No.Walking speed/ (km·h−1)Average peak torque reductionWork reduction
    leftrightleftright
    12.040.76%40.68%37.47%31.85%
    22.548.29%33.92%42.29%32.78%
    33.543.74%30.51%37.00%34.55%
    44.537.41%30.17%33.72%28.87%
    55.536.96%24.84%33.70%24.69%
    66.531.89%31.11%30.01%28.96%
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  SCONE中目标函数的权重值

    Table  6.   Weights of the objective function in SCONE

    WeightsValues
    ${w_{\text{g}}}$100
    ${w_{\text{e}}}$0.1
    ${w_{{\text{rf}}}}$10
    ${w_{{\text{lim\_a}}}}$0.1
    ${w_{{\text{lim\_k}}}}$0.1
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-10-04
  • 录用日期:  2022-11-09
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-11-10
  • 刊出日期:  2022-12-15

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