EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON ACTIVE CONTROL TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER DRAY REDUCTION BY SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS VIBRATION OF DUAL VIBRATORS
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摘要: 本文以镶嵌在平板上沿展向对放的两个压电陶瓷振子为主动控制激励器, 自主设计了零质量射流主动控制湍流边界层减阻实验方案. 在风洞中开展了双压电振子同步和异步振动主动控制湍流边界层减阻的实验研究, 实现了压电振子的周期扰动对湍流边界层多尺度相干结构的干扰和调制, 施加控制后减小了壁面摩擦阻力, 获得减阻效果. 当异步控制100 V, 160 Hz工况时得到最大减阻率为18.54%. 小波多尺度分析结果表明, 施加控制工况中PZT振子的周期性扰动使得小尺度结构的湍流脉动强度增强, 改变了近壁区大尺度和小尺度结构的含能分布, 且异步控制工况比同步控制工况的减阻效果好. 当双振子振动频率为160 Hz时, 流向脉动速度的小波系数PDF曲线呈现出波动特征, 尾部变宽显著, 近壁湍流脉动更加有序和规则, 湍流间歇性减弱. 对小尺度脉动进行条件相位平均的结果表明, 施加PZT周期扰动后使得大尺度结构破碎成为小尺度结构, 小尺度脉动强度增强, 实现减阻.随着流向位置离PZT振子越来越远, 周期性扰动对相干结构的调制作用逐渐减弱.Abstract: In order to achieve the drag reduction effect, the experimental scheme of zero-mass jet active control turbulent boundary layer is designed independently in the paper. Dual piezoelectric (PZT) oscillators as the active control actuators are symmetrically distributed embedded along the spanwise direction of the flat plate in turbulent boundary layer. The experimental investigation is carried out by synchronous (syn) and asynchronous (asyn) vibration active control mode to achieve drag reduction with the periodic vibration of dual PZT oscillators in a wind tunnel. It realizes the periodic interference and modulation to the multi-scale coherent structure in turbulent boundary layer. Furthermore, it reduces the skin friction and realizes drag reduction effect in all controlled cases.The consequence shows that the maximum drag reduction rate of 18.54% is obtained at 100 V, 160 Hz asynchronous vibration case.The multi-scale wavelet analysis of streamwise velocity shows that the energy of the small-scale coherent structure increases while the large-scale coherent structure decreases in all controlled conditions.Meanwhile, it adjusts the energy distribution of the large-scale and small-scale coherent structures in near-wall regions of turbulent boundary layer .The drag reduction effect of the asynchronous controlled case is better than the synchronous controlled case at the same voltage and frequency of vibration. When the vibration frequency of the PZT oscillators is 160 Hz, the PDF curves of the wavelet coefficient show the fluctuation characteristics and the tails of the PDF curve widen significantly. The pulsations of near-wall regions become more ordered and regular and the turbulence weakens intermittently after control in turbulent boundary layer.The results of the conditional phase averaging of small-scale coherent structure show that the periodic perturbations of the PZT oscillators enhance the turbulence intensity of the small-scale coherent structures. Furthermore, drag reduction effect is also achieved by breaking the large-scale coherent structure into the small-scale coherent structure. As the streamwise position is far away from the PZT oscillators, the modulation effect of the coherent structure in turbulent boundary layer gradually weakens.
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Key words:
- zero-mass jet /
- coherent structure /
- piezoelectric oscillator /
- active control /
- drag reduction
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图 4 不同工况平板湍流边界层平均速度剖面
Figure 4. Average velocity profiles of the turbulent boundary layer
图 5 不同法向位置小波系数概率密度函数
Figure 5. PDFs of the wavelet coefficient Wu (a,b) at different normal positions
6 不同法向位置能量随尺度分布(续)
6. Scale-energy distribution at different normal positions (continued)
7 小尺度振幅的条件平均(续)
7. Conditional averaging of small-scale fluctuations amplitude (continued)
图 8 不同流向位置 100 V, 160 Hz-asyn工况多尺度流动能量分布
Figure 8. Energy cloud distribution of the multi-scale flow structures for 100 V, 160 Hz-asyn case at different streamwise positions
8 不同流向位置 100 V, 160 Hz-asyn工况多尺度流动能量分布(续)
8. Energy cloud distribution of the multi-scale flow structures for 100 V, 160 Hz-asyn case at different streamwise positions (continued)
表 1 PZT振子材料主要力学参数
Table 1. Main material property of PZT actuator
Material ρ'/(kg·m−3) E/GPa $ \mu $ elastic copper 8.89 × 103 113 0.32 PZT P5-H 7.45 × 103 76.9 0.33 
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表 2 不同工况振子振幅
Table 2. Amplitude of oscillator in different case
Case Amplitude A /mm none 0.000 100 V, 80 Hz-syn 0.155 100 V, 160 Hz-syn 0.232 100 V, 160 Hz-asyn 0.232 80 V, 160 Hz-asyn 0.186
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表 3 不同工况减阻率
Table 3. Drag reduction rate for each case
Case ${u_\tau }/({\text{m} } \cdot { {\text{s} }^{ {{ - 1} } } })$ $ {\text{ }}{\eta \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {\eta \% }} \right. } \% } $ none 0.408 — 100 V, 80 Hz-syn 0.385 10.83 100 V, 160 Hz-syn 0.380 13.00 100 V, 240 Hz-syn 0.389 8.70 100 V, 160 Hz-asyn 0.368 18.54
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