EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON FLOW BEHAVIOR DURING PENETRATION OF W25Fe25Ni25Mo25 HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOY PROJECTILE
-
摘要: 为了探究W25Fe25Ni25Mo25高熵合金弹体在侵彻过程中宏观变形行为与材料微细观结构之间的联系, 基于对两相流动模型的简化, 建立了考虑软、硬相密度、流速以及浓度差异的等截面直管两相流动演化模型. 类比宏观状态下侵彻弹体头部材料的流入流出特性, 选定分析区域, 建立两相细观结构下材料在分析区域的流入流出关系, 再结合细观结构演化方程, 给出了分析区域中浓度演化结果, 提出了表征材料浓度演化速率的流动稳定系数t/llength. 为了对比不同细观结构弹体的侵彻行为, 选取典型两相材料钨铜合金(W70Cu30), 基于小口径弹道枪发射平台开展两种弹体侵彻半无限钢靶试验, 对比两种合金弹体细观结构演化行为. 结果表明, 硬相浓度分布总体上体现“中心浓, 边缘稀”的特点; 硬相的浓度越高, 密度越大, 驱动速度越快, 则流动稳定系数t/llength值越小, 侵彻过程中弹体的流动稳定性越好, 弹体头部材料越容易形成连续的塑性流动带. 等截面直管两相流动演化模型可用于描述侵彻过程中弹体头部材料的流动稳定性, 揭示了侵彻过程中弹体头部变形与细观两相结构之间的关联机制.Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between the macro deformation behavior of W25Fe25Ni25Mo25 high-entropy alloy projectile and the micro structure of the material in the penetration, a two-phase flow evolution model of constant cross-section straight pipe is established. The model takes the differences of soft and hard phase density, velocity and concentration into consideration based on the simplification of the two-phase flow model. By analogy with the inflow and outflow characteristics of the materials at the head of the projectile in the macro state, the analysis area is selected. The inflow and outflow relationship of the materials in the analysis area under the two-phase microstructure is established. Combined with the microstructure evolution equation, the concentration evolution results in the analysis area are given. The flow stability coefficient t/llength characterizing the concentration evolution rate of the materials is proposed. In order to compare the penetration behavior of projectiles with different microstructures, the typical two-phase material tungsten- copper alloy (W70Cu30) was selected to carry out the penetration test of two kinds of projectiles into semi-infinite steel target based on small caliber ballistic gun. The microstructure evolution behavior of the two kinds of alloy projectiles is analyzed. The results show that the distribution of hard phase concentration generally reflects the characteristics of "concentrated in the center and sparse at the edge". The higher the concentration of the hard phase, the higher the density and the faster the driving speed, the smaller the flow stability coefficient t/llength. The better the flow stability of the projectile in the penetration, and the easier it is for the projectile head material to form a continuous plastic flow zone. The two-phase flow evolution model of constant cross-section straight pipe can be used to describe the flow stability of projectile head material in the process of penetration, and reveal the correlation mechanism between projectile head deformation and two-phase microstructure in the process of penetration.
-
Key words:
- high-entropy alloy /
- high-speed penetration /
- microstructure /
- two-phase flow
-
图 3 基于宏观侵彻模型的细观尺度结构演化推导过程
Figure 3. Derivation of microstructure evolution based on macro penetration model
图 11 钨铜合金弹体侵彻后靶体状态
Figure 11. Target of tungsten-copper alloy projectile after penetration
图 12 钨铜合金侵彻后残余弹体状态
Figure 12. Residual projectile of tungsten-copper alloy projectile after penetration
图 16 钨铜合金残余弹体相浓度分布
Figure 16. Phase concentration distribution of tungsten-copper alloy residual projectile
图 18 不同驱动速度下BCC相的浓度演化
Figure 18. Phase evolution of BCC phase by different driven velocities
图 19 不同驱动速度下W相的浓度演化图
Figure 19. Phase evolution of W phase by different driven velocities
图 20 初始浓度对硬相浓度演化的影响
Figure 20. Effect of initial concentration on concentration evolution of hard phase
图 21 密度对硬相浓度演化的影响
Figure 21. Effect of density on concentration evolution of hard phase
图 22 钨铜合金残余弹体(V0 = 1079 m/s)
Figure 22. Tungsten-copper alloy residual projectile(V0 = 1079 m/s)
图 23 W25Fe25Ni25Mo25高熵合金残余弹体(V0 = 1090 m/s)
Figure 23. W25Fe25Ni25Mo25 high-entropy alloy residual projectile (V0 = 1090 m/s)
表 1 W25Fe25Ni25Mo25高熵合金残余弹体相浓度分布
Table 1. Phase concentration distribution of W25Fe25Ni25Mo25 high-entropy alloy residual projectile
Region Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ axial direction of head(a) BCC phase 8317 8420 7866 8006 7775 7379 total 10212 10212 10212 10323 10340 10323 percentage 81.4% 82.5% 77.0% 77.6% 75.2% 71.5% radial direction of head(b) BCC phase 12402 11709 14368 15145 16901 16341 total 19880 20306 20306 20448 20448 20163 percentage 62.4% 57.7% 70.8% 74.1% 82.7% 81.0% middle part of projectile (c) BCC phase 66366 70786 61455 58663 53335 46082 total 11699 112908 112326 112326 112908 109431 percentage 59.4% 62.7% 54.7% 52.2% 47.2% 42.1% 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 钨铜合金残余弹体相浓度分布
Table 2. Phase concentration distribution of tungsten-copper alloy residual projectile
Region Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ axial direction of head(a) BCC phase 98532 101109 89100 97498 99027 total 131904 140067 138171 138171 138060 percentage 74.7% 72.2% 64.5% 70.6% 71.7% radial direction of head(b) BCC phase 230581 214228 193637 215289 199344 total 344256 346480 343964 336030 343380 percentage 67.0% 61.8% 56.3% 64.1% 58.1% middle part of projectile (c) BCC phase 98143 95875 90509 88635 80767 total 137588 138060 137088 136512 127827 percentage 71.3% 69.4% 66.0% 64.9% 63.2%
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 谈梦婷, 张先锋, 包阔等. 装甲陶瓷的界面击溃效应. 力学进展, 2019, 49(00): 392-427 (Tan Mengting, Zhang Xianfeng, Bao Kuo, et al. Interface defeat of ceramic armor. Advances in Mechanics, 2019, 49(00): 392-427 (in Chinese)Tan Mengting, Zhang Xianfeng, Bao Kuo, et al. Interface defeat of ceramic armor. Advances in Mechanics, 2019, 49 (00): 392-427(in Chinese) ) [2] Sun YX, Wang X, Ji C, et al. Experimental investigation on anti-penetration performance of polyurea coated ASTM1045 steel plate subjected to projectile impact. Defence Technology, 2021, 17(4): 18 [3] 李想, 严子铭, 柳占立等. 基于仿真和数据驱动的先进结构材料设计. 力学进展, 2021, 51(1): 82-105 (Li Xiang, Yan Ziming, Liu Zhanli, et al. Advanced structural material design based on simulation and data-driven method. Advances in Mechanics, 2021, 51(1): 82-105 (in Chinese) doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-20-012Li Xiang, Yan Ziming, Liu Zhanli, et al. Advanced structural material design based on simulation and data-driven method. Advances in Mechanics, 2021, 51(1): 82-105(in Chinese) ) doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-20-012 [4] 陈海华, 张先锋, 刘闯等. 高熵合金冲击变形行为研究进展. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41(04): 30-53 (Chen Haihua, Zhang Xianfeng, Liu Chuang, et al. Research progress on impact deformation behavior of high-entropy alloys. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2021, 41(04): 30-53 (in Chinese)Chen Haihua, Zhang Xianfeng, Liu Chuang, et al. Research progress on impact deformation behavior of high-entropy alloys. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2021, 41(04): 30-53(in Chinese) ) [5] 陈海华, 张先锋, 熊玮等. WFeNiMo高熵合金动态力学行为及侵彻性能研究. 力学学报, 2020, 52(05): 1443-1453 (Chen Haihua, Zhang Xianfeng, Xiong Wei, et al. Dynamic mechanical behavior and penetration performance of WFeNiMo high-entropy alloy. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2020, 52(05): 1443-1453 (in Chinese)Chen Haihua, Zhang Xianfeng, Xiong Wei, et al. Dynamic mechanical behavior and penetration performance of WFeNiMo high-entropy alloy. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2020, 52(05): 1443-1453(in Chinese) ) [6] 李建国, 黄瑞瑞, 张倩等. 高熵合金的力学性能及变形行为研究进展. 力学学报, 2020, 52(2)Li Jianguo, Huang Ruirui, Zhang Qian, et al. Mechnical properties and behaviors of high entropy alloys. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2020, 52(2)(in Chinese) [7] 陈泽坤, 蒋佳希, 王宇嘉等. 金属增材制造中的缺陷、组织形貌和成形材料力学性能. 力学学报, 2021, 53(12): 3190-3205 (Chen Zekun, Jiang Jiaxi, Wang Yujia, et al. Defects, microstructures and mechanical properties of materials fabricated by metal additive manufacturing. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53(12): 3190-3205 (in Chinese) doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-21-472Chen Zekun, Jiang Jiaxi, Wang Yujia, et al. Defects, microstructures and mechanical properties of materials fabricated by metal additive manufacturing. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53(12): 3190-3205(in Chinese) ) doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-21-472 [8] 侯先苇, 熊玮, 陈海华等. 两种典型高熵合金冲击释能及毁伤特性研究. 力学学报, 2021, 53(9): 2528-2540 (Hou Xianwei, Xiong Wei, Chen Haihua, et al. Impact energy release and damage characteristics of two high-entropy alloys. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53(9): 2528-2540 (in Chinese) doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-21-327Hou Xianwei, Xiong Wei, Chen Haihua, et al. Impact energy release and damage characteristics of two high-entropy alloys. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53(9): 2528-2540(in Chinese) ) doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-21-327 [9] 卜叶强, 王宏涛. 多主元合金中的化学短程有序. 力学进展, 2021, 51(4): 915-919 (Bu Yeqiang, Wang Hongtao. Short-range order in multicomponent alloys. Advances in Mechanics, 2021, 51(4): 915-919 (in Chinese) doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-21-027Bu Yeqiang, Wang Hongtao. Short-range order in multicomponent alloys. Advances in Mechanics, 2021, 51(4): 915-919(in Chinese) ) doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-21-027 [10] 焦文俊, 陈小伟. 长杆高速侵彻问题研究进展. 力学进展, 2019, 49(00): 312-391 (Jiao Wenjun, Chen Xiaowei. Review on long-rod penetration at hypervelocity. Advances in Mechanics, 2019, 49(00): 312-391 (in Chinese)Jiao Wenjun, Chen Xiaowei. Review on long-rod penetration at hypervelocity. Advances in Mechanics, 2019, 49(00): 312-391(in Chinese) ) [11] Liu XF, Tian ZL, Zhang XF, et al. "Self-sharpening" tungsten high-entropy alloy. Acta Materialia, 2020, 186: 257-266 doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2020.01.005 [12] Chen HH, Zhang XF, Liu C, et al. Theoretical analysis for self-sharpening penetration of tungsten high-entropy alloy into steel target with elevated impact velocities. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2021, 37(6): 14 [13] Jiao WJ, Chen XW. Influence of the mushroomed projectile's head geometry on long-rod penetration. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2021, 148(2): 103769 [14] Rubin MB. A simplified and modified model for long rod penetration based on ovoids of Rankine. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2021, 156(2): 103927 [15] Tang Q, Chen X, Deng Y, et al. An approximate compressible fluid model of long-rod hypervelocity penetration. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2021 [16] Tate A. A theory for the deceleration of long rods after impact. Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids, 1967, 15(6): 387-399 [17] Tate A. Long rod penetration models—Part II. Extensions to the hydrodynamic theory of penetration. International Journal of mechanical sciences, 1986, 28(9): 599-612 [18] Alekseevskii VP. Penetration of a rod into a target at high velocity. Combustion Explosion & Shock Waves, 1966, 2(2): 63-66 [19] Rosenberg Z, Marmor E, Mayseless M. On the hydrodynamic theory of long-rod penetration. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1990, 10(1-4): 483-486 doi: 10.1016/0734-743X(90)90081-6 [20] Walker JD, Anderson Jr CE. A time-dependent model for long-rod penetration. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2015, 16(1): 19-48 [21] 孙庚辰, 吴锦云, 赵国志等. 长杆弹垂直侵彻半无限厚靶板的简化模型. 兵工学报, 1981, 2(4): 1-8 (Sun Gengchen, Wu Jinyun, Zhao Guozhi, et al. A simplified model of the penetration of the long-rod penetrator against the plates with semi-infinite thickness at normal angle. Acta Armammentarii, 1981, 2(4): 1-8 (in Chinese)Sun Gengchen, Wu Jinyun, Zhao Guozhi, et al. A simplified model of the penetration of the long-rod penetrator against the plates with semi-infinite thickness at normal angle. Acta Armammentarii, 1981, 2(4): 1-8(in Chinese) ) [22] Zhang LS, Huang FL. Model for long-rod penetration in to semi-infinite targets. Journal of Beijing University of Science and Technology, 2004, 13(3): 285-289 [23] 李永池, 吴立朋, 罗春涛. 侵彻力学的一种新理论分析方法. 力学与实践, 2009(2): 5 (Li Yongchi, Wu Lipeng, Luo Chuntao. A new theoretical model for armor-piercing mechanics. Mechanics in Engineering, 2009(2): 5 (in Chinese)Li Yongchi, Wu Lipeng, Luo Chuntao. A new theoretical model for armor-piercing mechanics. Mechanics in Engineering, 2009(2): 5(in Chinese) ) [24] Lu ZC, Wen HM. On the penetration of high strength steel rods into semi-infinite aluminium alloy targets. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2018, 111: 1-10 doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.08.006 [25] Rosenberg Z, Malka-Markovitz A, Kositski R. Inferring the ballistic resistance of thick targets from static deep indentation tests. International Journal of Protective Structures, 2018: 204141961876392 [26] Anderson CE, Walker JD, Hauver GE. Target resistance for long-rod penetration into semi-infinite targets. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 1992, 138(1): 93-104 doi: 10.1016/0029-5493(92)90281-Y [27] Rosenberg Z, Dekel E. The relation between the penetration capability of long rods and their length to diameter ratio. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1994, 15(2): 125-129 doi: 10.1016/S0734-743X(05)80025-9 [28] 陈海华, 张先锋, 刘闯等. 基于弯管-流线模型的长杆弹侵彻头部材料流动过程分析. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(09): 1787-1796 (Chen Haihua, Zhang Xianfeng, Liu Chuang, et al. Analysis of material flow around projectile nose by elbow-streamline model during long-rod projectile penetrating into steel target. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(09): 1787-1796 (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.09.004Chen Haihua, Zhang Xianfeng, Liu Chuang, et al. Analysis of material flow around projectile nose by elbow-streamline model during long-rod projectile penetrating into steel target. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(09): 1787-1796(in Chinese) ) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.09.004 [29] Chen HH, Zhang XF, Dai LH, et al. Experimental study on WFeNiMo high-entropy alloy projectile penetrating semi-infinite steel target. Defence Technology, 2021(6512), DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2021.06.001 [30] Li Z, Tasan CC, Pradeep KG, et al. A TRIP-assisted dual-phase high-entropy alloy: grain size and phase fraction effects on deformation behavior. Acta Materialia, 2017, 131: 323-335 doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.03.069 [31] Wright TW, Frank K. Approaches to penetration problems. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5066: Ballistic Research Laboratory, 1988 -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(24) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 45
- HTML全文浏览量: 15
- PDF下载量: 19
- 被引次数: 0
