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变转速工况下高速列车轴承转子系统特性分析

王宝森 刘永强 张斌

王宝森, 刘永强, 张斌. 变转速工况下高速列车轴承转子系统特性分析. 力学学报, 2022, 54(7): 1839-1852 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-22-067
引用本文: 王宝森, 刘永强, 张斌. 变转速工况下高速列车轴承转子系统特性分析. 力学学报, 2022, 54(7): 1839-1852 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-22-067
Wang Baosen, Liu Yongqiang, Zhang Bin. Characteristics analysis on bearing rotor system of high-speed train under variable speed conditions. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2022, 54(7): 1839-1852 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-22-067
Citation: Wang Baosen, Liu Yongqiang, Zhang Bin. Characteristics analysis on bearing rotor system of high-speed train under variable speed conditions. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2022, 54(7): 1839-1852 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-22-067

变转速工况下高速列车轴承转子系统特性分析

doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-22-067
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2020YFB2007700), 国家自然科学基金(11790282, 12032017, 12002221, 11872256), 河北省科技计划(20310803D), 河北省自然科学基金(A2020210028), 河北省教育厅科技计划(ZD2021093)和留学基金委资助项目
详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘永强, 教授, 主要研究方向: 车辆系统动力学、预测和健康管理. E-mail: liuyq@stdu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: U270.1+1

CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS ON BEARING ROTOR SYSTEM OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN UNDER VARIABLE SPEED CONDITIONS

  • 摘要: 高速列车的发展使得其关键零部件——轴承的安全问题日益突出. 现有的轴承模型均是建立在匀速工况下, 不能描述系统在变转速工况下运动状态. 为了解决这个问题, 建立了一个变转速工况下高速列车轴箱轴承转子系统动力学模型, 模型通过角度迭代计算得到了滚动体在不均匀时间内转过的总角度, 进而确定了滚动体在任意时刻的空间位置. 在匀速工况和变转速工况下, 对具有外圈故障的轴承模型进行了实验对比, 验证了模型的有效性. 利用轴心轨迹定性分析了外圈故障、内圈故障和滚动体故障对系统稳定性的影响, 并通过实验验证了分析结果的可靠性. 利用二维不变矩作为特征指标定量分析了三类故障对系统稳定性的影响. 分析结果表明: 当轴承角加速度较小时, 外圈故障对系统稳定性影响最大; 当轴承角加速度较大时, 滚动体故障对系统稳定性影响最大, 但是影响程度随着故障尺寸的变大而逐渐减小. 同样地, 利用二维不变矩作为特征指标进行了系统的稳定性临界状态分析, 确定了在不同转速工况下和不同故障类型下临界状态对应的最大故障尺寸. 研究结果表明: 随着轴承内圈转速的上升, 不同故障类型对应的最大尺寸都会减小, 其中滚动体故障尺寸大都是最小的, 说明滚动体故障对系统稳定性影响最大.

     

  • 图  1  轴承转子系统模型

    Figure  1.  Model of bearings and rotor coupling system

    图  2  轴承侧视图

    Figure  2.  Side view of the bearing

    图  3  轴承动力学模型

    Figure  3.  Bearing dynamics model

    图  4  轴承外圈、外圈故障和内圈故障示意图

    Figure  4.  The schematic diagram of the outer ring, the outer ring fault and the inner ring fault

    图  5  实验台和传感器安装位置示意图

    Figure  5.  The schematic diagram of the test rig and sensors’ location

    图  6  匀速工况下的仿真结果

    Figure  6.  Simulation results under constant speed condition

    图  7  匀速工况下的实验结果

    Figure  7.  Experimental results under constant speed condition

    图  8  变转速工况下的实验结果

    Figure  8.  Experimental results under variable speed condition

    9  变转速工况下的仿真结果

    9.  Simulation results under variable speed condition

    图  10  转子处轴心轨迹

    Figure  10.  Axis trajectory diagram at the rotor

    图  11  轴承处轴心轨迹

    Figure  11.  Axis trajectory diagram at the bearing

    图  12  外圈故障条件下对比结果

    Figure  12.  Results comparison under the condition of outer ring fault

    图  13  内圈故障条件下对比结果

    Figure  13.  Results comparison under the condition of inner ring fault

    图  14  轴承处轴心轨迹的φ1φ2的值

    Figure  14.  Values of φ1 and φ2 of axis trajectory at bearing

    15  转子处轴心轨迹的φ1φ2的值

    15.  Values of φ1 and φ2 of axis trajectory at rotor

    15  转子处轴心轨迹的φ1φ2的值(续)

    15.  Values of φ1 and φ2 of axis trajectory at rotor (continued)

    图  16  三种角加速度下转子处轴心轨迹

    Figure  16.  Axis trajectory at rotor under the conditions of three angular accelerations

    图  17  不同转速条件下φ1,ORF,rotor随故障尺寸的变化规律

    Figure  17.  Variation of φ1,ORF,rotor with fault size at different rotating speeds

    表  1  轴承几何参数

    Table  1.   Geometric parameters of the bearing

    ParameterValue
    mass of the inner ring m1/kg 4.63
    inner ring radius r/mm 65
    total mass of the bearing m2/kg 30
    outer ring radius R/mm 120
    numbers of roller N0 17
    average roller diameter d/mm 26.5
    pitch diameter D/mm 156.25
    load F/N 7.0205 × 104
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  轴承系统模型参数

    Table  2.   Parameter of the bearing system model

    ParameterValue
    axle equivalent mass mc/kg 274
    stiffness of axle C/(N·s·m−1) 2 × 103
    damping of axle K/(N·m−1) 1.48 × 107
    mass eccentricity of axle section e/mm 10-5
    stiffness of inner ring C1/(N·s·m−1) 7 × 104
    damping of inner ring K1/(N·m−1) 3.05 × 108
    stiffness of outer ring C2/(N·s·m−1) 7 × 104
    damping of outer ring K2/(N·m−1) 2 × 1010
    contact damping Kt/(N·m−1) 3.5 × 1010
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  单元谐振器参数

    Table  3.   The parameter of the unit resonator

    ParameterValue
    mass mb/kg1
    damping Kb/(N·m−1)8.8826 × 109
    stiffness Cb/(N·s·m−1)9.424 × 103
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同转速条件下稳定性临界状态对应的最大故障尺寸

    Table  4.   Maximum fault size corresponding to stability critical state under different speed conditions

    Fault typesBearing angular speed/(r·min−1)
    100600110016002100
    inner ring fault0.990.760.650.910.53
    roller fault0.420.781.030.680.23
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-02-13
  • 录用日期:  2022-04-25
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