SERVICE LIFE EVALUATION OF TRACTION MOTOR BEARINGS IN COMPLICATED VIBRATION ENVIRONMENT OF A LOCOMOTIVE
-
摘要: 牵引电机是铁路机车的动力源, 其关键零部件(支承轴承等)的服役性能直接影响机车传动系统的稳定性和可靠性. 对于重载机车, 传统轴承服役寿命评估方法主要基于定载荷工况, 难以准确评估轨道不平顺等复杂外部激励作用下电机轴承的服役寿命. 因此, 本文根据车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论, 考虑轨道车辆运行过程中的轮轨相互作用和齿轮啮合作用, 建立了具有牵引动力传动系统的机车-轨道耦合动力学模型; 采用线性损伤累积准则和ISO 281标准计算方法, 评估了复杂机车振动环境下牵引电机轴承的服役寿命. 结果表明, 在轨道随机不平顺激励下, 机车轮轨垂向力、齿轮啮合力、牵引电机内部转子离心力、不平衡磁拉力等明显增大; 在复杂机车振动环境中, 电机轴承内部滚子-滚道相互作用加剧, 传动端与非传动端轴承的疲劳寿命缩短; 随着线路状态的不断恶化和机车运行速度的提高, 牵引电机轴承的预测寿命里程不断减小; 由于传动端轴承承受较大的外部动态载荷, 传动端轴承的服役寿命明显低于非传动端轴承. 本文提出的评估方法可为机车牵引电机轴承的设计、选型和寿命评估提供理论指导.Abstract: Traction motor is the power source of the railway locomotive, therefore, the stability and reliability of the locomotive transmission system are directly affected by the service lives of its key components (e.g., the support bearings, etc). For the heavy haul locomotive, the traditional evaluation methods are mainly based on the fixed load conditions, therefore, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the service lives of motor bearings under complex external excitations such as track random irregularities. Based on the vehicle-track coupling dynamics, a locomotive-track coupled dynamics model with traction power transmission system considering the specific structures of the traction motor and rolling bearing is established. In addition, the effect of the impact wheel-rail interaction and gear engagement is considered in this study. Besides, the service lives of traction motor bearings in the complex vibration environment of a locomotive are assessed based on the linear damage accumulation criterion and ISO 281 standard. Results indicate that the vertical wheel-rail interactive force, gear meshing force, the centrifugal force of rotor, and unbalanced magnetic pull increase obviously under the external excitation induced by the track random irregularity. In the complex vibration environment of the locomotive, the interactions between the roller and race in motor bearings are intensified, and the corresponding fatigue lives of the driving end and non-driving end motor bearings are shortened. Furthermore, with the continuous deterioration of the line state and the improvement of the locomotive running speed, the predicted life mileages of the motor bearings decrease in the increasingly harsh service environment. Because of the large external dynamic loads, the service life of the driving end bearing is shorter than that of the non-driving end one. This evaluation method proposed in this study can provide a theoretical guidance for the design, selection, and service life prediction of motor bearings used in the locomotive.
-
Key words:
- railway vehicle /
- rolling bearing /
- life evaluation /
- traction motor /
- gear engagement
-
图 3 机车牵引电机轴承服役寿命评估流程图
Figure 3. Flow chart of service life evaluation of traction motor bearings in a locomotive
图 7 轨道随机不平顺对机车系统和牵引电机轴承的影响
Figure 7. Effect of track random irregularity on locomotive system and traction motor bearings
8 相对恒定车速对机车系统和牵引电机轴承的影响
8. Effect of relatively constant velocity on locomotive system and traction motor bearings
图 8 相对恒定车速对机车系统和牵引电机轴承的影响(续)
Figure 8. Effect of relatively constant velocity on locomotive system and traction motor bearings (continued)
表 1 牵引电机轴承参数
Table 1. Main parameters of the traction motor bearings
Value Driving end bearing Non-driving end bearing radius of inner race/mm 53.5 45 radius of outer race/mm 72.5 62 radius of roller/mm 9.5 8.5 length of roller/mm 40 24 number of rollers 17 14 number of columns 1 1 bm 1.1 1.1 fc 84.3 84.3 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Nandi S, Toliyat HA, Li X. Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of electrical motors—A review. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 2005, 20(4): 719-729 doi: 10.1109/TEC.2005.847955 [2] Liu YQ, Chen ZG, Li W, et al. Dynamic analysis of traction motor in a locomotive considering surface waviness on races of a motor bearing. Railway Engineering Science, 2021. doi: 10.1007 s40534-021-00246-x [3] 涂文兵, 梁杰, 罗丫等. 加速工况下滚动轴承动态载荷特性研究. 振动与冲击, 2021, 40(9): 152-159 (Tu Wenbing, Liang Jie, Luo Ya, et al. Dynamic load characteristics of rolling bearing under acceleration condition. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2021, 40(9): 152-159 (in Chinese)Tu Wenbing, Liang Jie, Luo Ya, et al. Dynamic load characteristics of rolling bearing under acceleration condition. Journal of vibration and shock, 2021, 40(09): 152-159(in Chinese) [4] Liu YQ, Chen ZG, Tang L, et al. Skidding dynamic performance of rolling bearing with cage flexibility under accelerating conditions. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2021, 150: 107257 doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.107257 [5] Liu J, Xu YJ, Pan G. A combined acoustic and dynamic model of a defective ball bearing. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2021, 501: 116029 doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2021.116029 [6] 马帅军, 闫柯, 张晓红等. 滚动轴承运动-接触精确建模与二次开发. 西安交通大学学报, 2021, 55(8): 33-41 (Ma Shuaijun, Yan Ke, Zhang Xiaohong, et al. An accurate modeling method and secondary development of Bearing contact-motion. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2021, 55(8): 33-41 (in Chinese)Ma Shuaijun, Yan Ke, Zhang Xiaohong, et al. An accurate modeling method and secondary development of Bearing contact-motion. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2021, 55(08): 33-41(in Chinese) [7] 李志农, 李云龙, 任帅等. 局部点蚀故障滚动体的滚动轴承动力学模型研究. 振动工程学报, 2020, 33(3): 597-603 (Li Zhinong, Li Yunlong, Ren Shuai, et al. Research on dynamic model of rolling bearing with local pitting fault in rolling bearing element. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2020, 33(3): 597-603 (in Chinese)Li Zhinong, Li Yunlong, Ren Shuai, et al. Research on dynamic model of rolling bearing with local pitting fault in rolling bearing element. Journal of vibration and shock, 2020, 33(03): 597-603. (in Chinese) [8] Wang ZW, Mei GM, Xiong Q, et al. Motor car-track spatial coupled dynamics model of a high-speed train with traction transmission systems. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2019, 137: 386-403 doi: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2019.03.032 [9] Liu YQ, Chen ZG, Wang KY, et al. Dynamic modelling of traction motor bearings in locomotive-track spatially coupled dynamics system. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2021. doi: 10.1080/00423114.2021.1918728 [10] 耿自林, 宋冬利, 张卫华等. 高速列车轴箱轴承动力学行为及温度分析. 机械, 2020, 47(11): 54-62 (Geng Zilin, Song Dongli, Zhang Weihua, et al. Dynamic and temperature analysis of axle box bearing of high-speed train. Machinery, 2020, 47(11): 54-62 (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2020.11.009Geng Zilin, Song Dongli, Zhang Weihua, et al. Dynamic and temperature analysis of axle box bearing of high-speed train. Machinery, 2020, 47(11): 54-62(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2020.11.009 [11] Lundberg G, Palmgren A. Dynamic capacity of rolling bearings. Acta Polytech. Scand., Mech. Eng. Ser 1., 1947, 1(3): 7 [12] Lundberg G, Palmgren A. Dynamic capacity of rolling bearings. J. Appl. Mech., 1949, 16(2): 165-172 [13] Ioannides E, Harris T. A new fatigue life model for rolling bearings. Journal of Tribology, 1985, 107: 367-378 doi: 10.1115/1.3261081 [14] Tallian T. Simplified contact fatigue life prediction model-Part I: Review of published models. Journal of Tribology, 1992, 114: 207-213 doi: 10.1115/1.2920875 [15] ISO. ISO 281 method of calculating dynamic load rating and rating life of rolling bearings. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 2007 [16] GB/T 6391—2010, 滚动轴承额定动载荷和额定寿命 [17] 赵美茹. HX_D3C型和HX_N3型机车牵引电机轴承故障原因分析与解决措施. 铁道机车与动车, 2018(4): 35-38, 6 (Zhao Meiru. Cause analysis and solution of typical bearing failure of the traction motors for HXD3C and HXN3 locomotives. Railway Locomotive and Motor Car, 2018(4): 35-38, 6 (in Chinese)Zhao Meiru. Cause analysis and solution of typical bearing failure of the traction motors for HXD3 C and HXN3 locomotives. Railway Locomotive and Motor Car, 2018(04): 35-38 + 6(in Chinese) [18] 刘德昆, 李强, 王曦等. 动车组轴箱轴承基于实测载荷的寿命预测方法. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(22): 45-54 (Liu Dekun, Li Qiang, Wang Xi, et al. Life prediction method for EMU axle box bearings based on actual measured loadings. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 52(22): 45-54 (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2016.22.045Liu Dekun, Li Qiang, Wang Xi, et al. Life Prediction method for EMU axle box bearings based on actual measured loadings. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 52(22): 45-54(in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2016.22.045 [19] 赵礼辉, 李其宸, 冯金芝等. 随机道路载荷下轮毂轴承服役寿命预测方法研究. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(10): 77-86 (Zhao Lihui, Li Qichen, Feng Jinzhi, et al. Research on prediction method of hub-bearing service life under random road load. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(10): 77-86 (in Chinese)Zhao Lihui, Li Qichen, Feng Jinzhi, et al. Research on prediction method of hub-bearing service life under random road load. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(10): 77-86(in Chinese) [20] Li FK, Hu WP, Meng QC, et al. A new damage-mechanics-based model for rolling contact fatigue analysis of cylindrical roller bearing. Tribology International, 2018, 120: 105-114 doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2017.12.001 [21] 周哲韬, 刘路, 宋晓等. 基于Transformer模型的滚动轴承剩余使用寿命预测方法. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2021. doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0247Zhou Zhetao, Liu Lu, Song Xiao, et al. Remaining useful life prediction method of rolling bearing based on Transformer model. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0247 (in Chinese) [22] 王新刚, 韩凯忠, 王超等. 基于迁移学习的轴承剩余使用寿命预测方法. 东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 42(5): 665-672 (Wang Xingang, Han Kaizhong, Wang Chao, et al. Bearing remaining useful life prediction method based on transfer learning. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science) , 2021, 42(5): 665-672 (in Chinese)Wang Xingang, Han Kaizhong, Wang Chao, et al. Bearing remaining useful life prediction method based on transfer learning. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 2021, 42(05): 665-672(in Chinese) [23] 董绍江, 吴文亮, 贺坤等. 基于性能衰退评估的轴承寿命状态识别方法研究. 振动与冲击, 2021, 40(5): 186-192, 210 (Dong Shaojiang, Wu Wenliang, He Kun, et al. Bearing life state recognition method based on performance degradation evaluation. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2021, 40(5): 186-192, 210 (in Chinese)Dong Shaojiang, Wu Wenliang, He Kun, et al. Bearing life state recognition method based on performance degradation evaluation. Journal of vibration and shock, 2021, 40(05): 186-192 + 210(in Chinese) [24] Zhai WM, Wang KY, Cai CB. Fundamentals of vehicle-track coupled dynamics. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2009, 47(11): 1349-1376 doi: 10.1080/00423110802621561 [25] Chen ZG, Zhai WM, Wang KY. Vibration feature evolution of locomotive with tooth root crack propagation of gear transmission system. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2019, 115: 29-44 doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.05.038 [26] Zhou ZW, Chen ZG, Spiryagin M, et al. Dynamic response feature of electromechanical coupled drive subsystem in a locomotive excited by wheel flat. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2021, 122: 105248 doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105248 [27] Liu YQ, Chen ZG, Zhai WM, et al. Dynamic investigation of traction motor bearing in a locomotive under excitation from track random geometry irregularity. International Journal of Rail Transportation, 2021. doi: 10.1080/23248378.2020.1867658 [28] Liu YQ, Chen ZG, Wang KY, et al. Surface wear evolution of traction motor bearings in vibration environment of a locomotive during operation. Science China Technological Sciences, 2021. doi: 10.1007/s11431-021-1939-3 [29] Sui SQ, Wang KY, Ling L, et al. Effect of wheel diameter difference on tread wear of freight wagons. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105501 [30] Chen ZG, Zhou ZW, Zhai WM, et al. Improved analytical calculation model of spur gear mesh excitations with tooth profile deviations. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2020, 149: 103838 doi: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2020.103838 [31] Chen ZG, Ning JY, Zhou ZW, et al. An improved dynamic model of spur gear transmission considering coupling effect between gear neighboring teeth. Nonlinear Dynamics, 2021. doi: 10.1007/s11071-021-06852-y [32] 周生通, 朱经纬, 肖乾等. 初始静偏心与重力载荷对动车牵引电机转子轴心轨迹的影响. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(17): 145-154 (Zhou Shengtong, Zhu Jingwei, Xiao Qian, et al. Initial static eccentricity and gravity load on rotor orbit of EMU traction motor. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(17): 145-154 (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.17.145Zhou Shengtong, Zhu Jingwei, Xiao Qian, et al. Initial static eccentricity and gravity load on rotor orbit of EMU traction motor. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(17): 145-154 (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.17.145 -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(11) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 566
- HTML全文浏览量: 260
- PDF下载量: 99
- 被引次数: 0
