HYBRID PIEZOELECTRIC-TRIBOELECTRIC ROTATIONAL ENERGY HARVESTER USING DYNAMIC COORDINATED MODULATION MECHANISM
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摘要: 低转速激励下能量采集性能差是目前制约旋转能量采集技术应用的瓶颈问题. 本文提出了动力学协同调控机制, 并用于调控系统的动力学行为, 可以使器件在低转速激励下有效工作, 提高了旋转能量采集系统的电学性能. 旋转刚度软化、非线性磁力、几何边界的协同调控既可以增加系统在低速下的振动位移以及压电材料的形变, 也可调控系统的最大位移, 使其振动可控并限制位移过大提高可靠性. 此外, 几何边界可以方便地集成摩擦纳米发电机, 实现压电与摩擦两种机电转换机制在振动和碰撞过程中协同发电, 有效利用空间和提高输出电能. 基于哈密顿原理建立了系统的机电耦合动力学模型并进行了实验验证. 实验结果表明系统能够在0~250 r/min的低转速范围内有效工作, 在转速为250 r/min时, 压电单元和摩擦纳米发电机的最大峰峰值电压分别为132 V和1128 V, 总平均功率为1426 μW. 本文提出的动力学协同调控机制为能量采集系统动力学和电学性能改进提供新的途径, 有益于促进自供能物联网技术的发展与应用.Abstract: The poor performance of energy harvesting under low speed excitation is the bottleneck that restricts the application of rotational energy harvesting. In this paper, a dynamic coordinated modulation mechanism is proposed to modulate the dynamic behavior of the system, which can make the device work effectively under low speed excitation and achieve an enhanced electrical performance of the rotational energy harvesting system. The coordinated modulation of centrifugal-softening-nonlinear-magnetic-force-geometric-boundary can not only increase the vibration displacement of the system and the deformation of the piezoelectric material under low speed excitation, but also modulate the maximum displacement of the system when the vibration displacement is too large, so as to make the vibration controllable and improve the reliability. Moreover, the geometric boundary can easily integrate the triboelectric nanogenerator to realize the coordinated power generation of piezoelectric and triboelectric in the process of vibration and impact, which can make effective use of space and enhance the electrical performance. Based on Hamiltonian principle, the electromechanical coupling equation of the system is established and verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the system can work effectively in the speed range of 0−250 r/min. The P-P voltage of piezoelectric unit and triboelectric nanogenerator are 132 V and 1128 V, and the total average power is 1426 μW at the speed of 250 r/min. The dynamic coordinated modulation mechanism proposed in this paper provides a new method to improve the dynamic and electrical performance of energy harvesting system, and shows potential application prospects in the self-powered internet of things.
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图 1 低转速下动力学协同调控机制示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of dynamic coordinated modulation mechanism in low rotational speed range
图 2 具有动力学协同调控机制的旋转能量采集器(REH-DCMM)的设计示意图
Figure 2. Design of the rotational energy harvester with dynamic coordinated modulation mechanism (REH-DCMM)
图 3 REH-DCMM系统的动力学模型示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of dynamic model of REH-DCMM system
图 5 在不同转速激励下PEH单元和TENG单元的实验和仿真电压波形图. (a) PEH单元和(b)TENG单元在转速为150 r/min和200 r/min时的实验输出电压, (c) PEH单元和(d)TENG单元在转速为150 r/min和200 r/min时的仿真输出电压
Figure 5. Comparison of the output voltage of the PEH and the TENG unit from experiments and simulations at different rotational speeds. The experimental voltage from (a) PEH and (b) TENG at the rotational speed of 150 r/min and 200 r/min, the simulation voltage from (c) PEH and (d) TENG at the rotational speed of 150 r/min and 200 r/min
图 6 激励转速为0~250 r/min范围内, REH-DCMM系统在不同初始磁极中心距(d0 = 20, 22, 24 mm)时的P-P电压和平均功率
Figure 6. Comparison of P-P voltage and average power of the REH-DCMM with different center distances of the magnetic poles (d0 = 20, 22, 24 mm) at the rotational speed from 0 to 250 r/min
7 激励转速为0~250 r/min范围内, REH-DCMM系统在不同悬臂梁厚度(b = 0.2, 0.3, 0.35 mm)时的P-P电压和平均功率
7. Comparison of P-P voltage and average power of the REH-DCMM with different thicknesses of the cantilever beam (b = 0.2, 0.3, 0.35 mm) at the rotational speed from 0 to 250 r/min
图 7 激励转速为0~250 r/min范围内, REH-DCMM系统在不同悬臂梁厚度(b = 0.2, 0.3, 0.35 mm)时的P-P电压和平均功率(续)
Figure 7. Comparison of P-P voltage and average power of the REH-DCMM with different thicknesses of the cantilever beam (b = 0.2, 0.3, 0.35 mm) at the rotational speed from 0 to 250 r/min (continued)
图 8 在刚度软化和刚度硬化效应下, 磁间距20 mm, 梁厚度0.3 mm时, PEH单元和TENG单元输出电压对比.(a) PEH单元, (b) TENG1 单元, (c) TENG2 单元
Figure 8. Comparison of the output voltage of the PEH and the TENG unit between centrifugal softening and centrifugal stiffening effects with the same condition (d0 = 20 mm, b = 0.3 mm). (a) PEH unit, (b) TENG1 unit, (c) TENG2 unit
表 1 REH-DCMM系统的几何和材料参数
Table 1. Geometric and material properties of the REH-DCMM system
Categories Parameter descriptions Values cantilever beam length ${s_2}$/m 0.12 width $ b$/m 0.03 thickness ${h_{\rm{s}}}$/m 3 × 10−4 density ${\rho _{\rm{s}}}$/(kg·m−3) 7800 elastic modulus ${E_{\rm{s}}}$/GPa 200 piezoelectric material (MFC) length ${s_1}$/m 0.037 thickness ${h_{\rm{p} } }$/m 3 × 10−4 density ${\rho _{\rm{p}}}$/(kg·m−3) 5440 elastic modulus ${E_{\rm{p}}}$/GPa 30.336 coupling coefficient
${d_{31}}$/(C·N−1)−1.70 × 10−10 dielectric constant ${\varepsilon _{33}}$/(F·m−1) 1.265 3 × 10−8 triboelectric nanogenerator length ${s_{\rm{T}}}$/m 0.083 thickness ${h_{\rm{T}}}$/m 3.1 × 10−4 density ${\rho _{\rm{T}}}$/(kg·m−3) 1912 elastic modulus ${E_{\rm{T}}}$/MPa 300 others mass of permanent
magnet $ m$/kg0.042 thickness of permanent
magnet ${t_{\rm{m}}}$/m5 × 10−3 permanent magnet
volume ${V_{\rm{A}}}$, ${V_{\rm{B}}}$/m34 × 10−4 residual magnetic
flux density ${B_{\rm{r}}}$/T1.2 vacuum permeability ${\mu _0}$ 1.256 × 10−6 
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