DESIGN AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MAGNETIC COUPLING ROAD ENERGY HARVESTING
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摘要: 通过在交通环境布置无线传感器等小型机电系统, 实现交通状况监测、交通系统管控、交通设施健康状态监测等, 可以使交通系统更加安全、有序、高效地运行. 但是, 如何为这些广泛分布的小型机电系统供能？本文提出了一种磁力耦合道路能量收集设计, 用以收集车辆滚压能量并转换成电能. 通过磁力耦合进行无接触能量传递, 减小了装置受到的冲击并使得装置具有良好密封性, 从而提升装置的鲁棒性. 通过升频齿轮机构、棘轮机构将车辆滚压激励转换为高速单向旋转, 并且通过换向齿轮机构能够继续收集复位弹性势能, 提高了收集装置的输出功率. 基于磁力耦合道路能量收集系统的工作原理建立了机电耦合动力学模型. 数值仿真探究了减速带限位距离和复位弹簧刚度等关键设计参数对能量采集系统动力学和电学性能的影响. 能量采集系统在车速为50 km/h时最大输出电压为76.28 V, 最大功率为59.94 W. 磁力耦合道路能量收集装置可以成为未来智慧交通系统的重要组成部分, 俘获交通环境能量为交通环境中小型机电系统提供可持续的绿色无碳电力.Abstract: By setting small electromechanical systems such as wireless sensors in the traffic environment to realize traffic condition monitoring, system management and facility health monitoring, etc., the traffic system can be operated in a safer, orderly and efficient manner. However, how to power these widely distributed small electromechanical systems? This paper proposes a magnetic coupling road energy harvesting design to collect vehicle rolling energy and convert it into electricity. The device transmits non-contact energy through magnetic coupling, which reduces the impact on the device and makes it have a good seal, so as to improve the robustness. The vehicle rolling excitation is converted into high-speed one-way rotation through the up-frequency gear and the ratchet mechanism, and the reversing gear mechanism can continue to collect the reset elastic potential energy, which improves the output power of the device. Based on the working principle of the system, the electromechanical coupling dynamics model is established. The numerical simulation explored the impact of key design parameters such as the limit distance of the speed bump and the stiffness of the resetting spring on the dynamics and electrical performance of the energy harvesting system. When the vehicle speed is 50 km/h, the maximum output voltage of the system is 76.28 V and the maximum power is 59.94 W. The magnetic coupling road energy harvesting device can become an important part of the intelligent traffic system in future, harvesting the energy of the traffic environment and providing sustainable green carbon-free power for small and medium electromechanical systems in the traffic environment.
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Key words:
- energy harvesting /
- magnetic coupling /
- robustness /
- mechanical modulation
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图 1 全密封高鲁棒性磁力耦合道路能量收集装置. (a)应用场景, (b)车辆行驶过程, (c)结构简图及传动
Figure 1. Fully sealed high robust magnetic coupling road energy harvesting device. (a) Application scenario, (b) vehicle running process, (c) structure and transmission
图 4 减速带限位和减速带复位弹簧刚度对齿条和减速带速度的影响
Figure 4. Effects of speed bump limit and resetting spring stiffness on the speed of rack and speed bump
5 减速带限位和复位弹簧刚度对系统电压和功率的影响
5. Effects of speed bump limit and reset spring stiffness on system voltage and power
图 5 减速带限位和复位弹簧刚度对系统电压和功率的影响(续)
Figure 5. Effects of speed bump limit and reset spring stiffness on system voltage and power (continued)
图 6 齿条质量和齿条复位弹簧刚度对齿条速度影响
Figure 6. Effects of rack mass and resetting spring stiffness on rack speed
表 1 仿真参数设置
Table 1. Simulation parameter setting
Parameter Symbol Value excitation F/kN 5 Mass of speed bump m1/kg 5 mass of lifting plate m2/kg 5 equivalent damping of speed bump c1/(N·s·m−1) 200 equivalent damping of lifting plate c2/(N·s·m−1) 60 equivalent damping of magnet plate c3/(N·s·m−1) 0.02 resetting spring stiffness of speed bump k1/(kN·m−1) 3 resetting spring stiffness of lifting plate k2/(kN·m−1) 3 inductance coefficient ζ 0.05 moment of inertia of magnet plate J/(kg·m−2) 0.0143 electromagnetic load R/Ω 100 electromagnetic equivalent coefficient K 0.045 
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