EVALUATION METHOD AND APPLICATION OF FOAM DYNAMIC STABILITY IN HETEROGENEOUS CORES BASED ON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE TECHNOLOGY
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摘要: 基于有效孔隙体积守恒和核磁共振技术建立了泡沫在岩心中的动态稳定性的评价方法. 利用油、水标定方法测量了岩心中油相和泡沫液的体积, 计算了泡沫在岩心驱替过程中的动态稳定因子. 测试了双层非均质岩心的横向弛豫谱线及核磁共振图像, 比较了纳米颗粒强化泡沫和表面活性剂泡沫的驱油效果和动态稳定因子. 结果表明, 岩心中的含水体积在注入2.0 PV泡沫前快速上升随后基本稳定; 而含气体积逐渐上升, 注入5.0 PV泡沫后上升速率变小. 泡沫的动态稳定因子经历了骤减、递增和平稳3个阶段. 泡沫前期的驱油效果主要依赖于水相, 随着含水体积基本稳定, 岩心的产油速率和泡沫动态稳定因子的增长速率具有明显正相关关系, 即中后期取决于泡沫气体对剩余油的驱替能力. 与表面活性剂泡沫相比, 纳米颗粒强化泡沫提高了低渗层的波及能力和驱油效率, 抑制了泡沫发展的不稳定阶段并且提高了动态稳定因子最终的平衡值. 该稳定性评价方法可用于反映泡沫渗流特点并筛选适合储层特征的稳定泡沫体系.Abstract: Based on the conservation of effective pore volume and nuclear magnetic resonance technology, an evaluation method for the dynamic stability of foam in the cores was established. The oil and water calibration method was used to measure the volume of the oil phase and foam liquid in the cores, and the dynamic stability factor of the foam during the core displacement process was calculated. The transverse relaxation spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance image of the double-layer heterogeneous core were tested. The oil displacement effect and dynamic stability factor of the nanoparticles-enhanced foam and the surfactant foam were compared. The results showed that the water phase volume in the core rose rapidly before 2.0 PV of foam was injected and then was basically stable; while the gas volume increased gradually, and the rising rate decreased after 5.0 PV of foam was injected. The dynamic stability factor of the foam had experienced three stages which was sharp decreasing, progressive increasing and stabilization. The oil displacement effect in the early stage of the foam mainly depended on the water phase. As the water phase volume was basically stable, the oil production rate of the cores had an obvious positive correlation with the growth rate of the foam dynamic stability factor, that was, the displacement of the remaining oil depended on the foam gas during middle and late stages. Compared with surfactant foam, nanoparticles-enhanced foam improved the sweeping capacity and oil displacement efficiency in the low permeability layer, inhibited the unstable stage of foam development and improved the final equilibrium value of the dynamic stability factor. The stability evaluation method could be used to reflect the characteristics of foam seepage and to screen stable foam systems suitable for reservoir characteristics.
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Key words:
- foams /
- dynamic stability /
- heterogeneous cores /
- NMR /
- nanoparticles
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图 2 非均质砂岩岩心的(a)冠状面和(b)横截面
Figure 2. (a) Coronal plane and (b) transverse plane of heterogeneous sandstone core
图 3 饱和MnCl2溶液过程中岩心C-01的T2谱
Figure 3. T2 spectrum of C-01during injection of MnCl2 solution
图 6 纳米颗粒强化SDS泡沫驱过程中岩心C-02的T2谱
Figure 6. T2 spectrum of core C-02 for nanoparticles-enhanced SDS foam flooding
图 7 泡沫驱过程中非均质岩心的磁共振成像(信号为油相, (a) ~ (d)为SDS泡沫驱, (e) ~ (f)为纳米颗粒强化SDS泡沫驱)
Figure 7. Magnetic resonance images of heterogeneous cores during foam flooding (signal represents oil phase, (a) ~ (d): SDS foam, (e) ~ (f): nanoparticles-enhanced SDS foam)
图 9 泡沫驱过程岩心中气、液体积变化情况
Figure 9. Variation of gas and liquid volume in core during foam flooding
图 10 泡沫驱过程中岩心驱油效率的变化情况
Figure 10. Variation of oil displacement efficiency during foam flooding
表 1 岩心物性参数
Table 1. Physical parameters of cores
Core symbol C-01 C-02 diameter/cm 2.49 2.50 length/cm 8.67 8.78 pore volume/mL 9.34 9.46 porosity 22.13% 21.96% permeability/mD 1873.44 1954.72 
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表 2 C-01中MnCl2溶液质量与T2谱峰面积关系
Table 2. Relationship between the mass of MnCl2 solution in C-01 and the peak area of T2 spectrum
Injected time of MnCl2 solution/min Mass of MnCl2 solution
in core/gPeak area of T2 spectrum 0 0 465.82 5 2.41 1565.71 10 4.62 4228.43 15 7.29 5951.11 30 9.08 6827.79
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