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基于多介质、多尺度离散元方法的冰载荷数值冰水池

季顺迎 田于逵

季顺迎, 田于逵. 基于多介质、多尺度离散元方法的冰载荷数值冰水池. 力学学报, 2021, 53(9): 2427-2453 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-21-243
引用本文: 季顺迎, 田于逵. 基于多介质、多尺度离散元方法的冰载荷数值冰水池. 力学学报, 2021, 53(9): 2427-2453 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-21-243
Ji Shunying, Tian Yukui. Numerical ice tank for ice loads based on multi-media and multi-scale discrete element method. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53(9): 2427-2453 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-21-243
Citation: Ji Shunying, Tian Yukui. Numerical ice tank for ice loads based on multi-media and multi-scale discrete element method. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53(9): 2427-2453 doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-21-243

基于多介质、多尺度离散元方法的冰载荷数值冰水池

doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-21-243
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划重点专项 (2018YFA0605902, 2017YFE0111400), 工信部高技术船舶科研项目 (工信部装函[2017]614号)和国家自然科学基金 (41576179, 51639004, 20212024)资助项目
详细信息
    作者简介:

    季顺迎, 教授, 主要研究方向: 颗粒材料计算力学及极地海洋工程. E-mail: jisy@dlut.edu.cn

    田于逵, 研究员, 主要研究方向: 冰水池技术与冰区船舶海洋工程. E-mail: tianyukui@cssrc.com.cn

  • 中图分类号: U661, P752, O352

NUMERICAL ICE TANK FOR ICE LOADS BASED ON MULTI-MEDIA AND MULTI-SCALE DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD

  • 摘要: 极地船舶与海洋工程结构冰载荷的确定是其结构抗冰设计、冰区安全运行和结构完整性管理的重要研究内容. 当前快速发展的高性能计算技术和多介质、多尺度数值方法为准确、高效地计算结构冰载荷提供了有效的途径, 其中以离散元方法为代表的数值方法取得了出色的研究成果. 为此, 本文针对目前极地船舶与海洋工程结构对冰载荷及力学响应的工程需求, 同时考虑国内外对海冰、工程结构与流体相互耦合的多介质、多尺度数值方法研究现状, 对极地船舶与海洋工程数值冰水池的概念、框架、开发技术以及基于离散元方法的软件实现与工程应用进行了论述. 数值冰水池在船舶与海洋工程结构冰载荷确定方面具有可靠性、经济性、快速性、扩展性和情景化等显著优势. 本文工作借鉴数值水池的研究思路, 以典型船舶和海洋平台结构冰载荷及结构力学响应的离散元计算为例, 探讨了数值冰水池研究的可行性和工程应用前景, 阐述其与理论分析、现场测量和模型试验研究相结合的必要性. 以上研究有益于中国在极地船舶与海洋工程领域形成具有独立知识产权的数值计算分析平台, 对中国极地海洋强国的战略实施具有很好的启发和指导意义.

     

  • 图  1  数值冰水池的基本框架

    Figure  1.  Basic framework of the numerical ice tank

    图  2  北极海冰的冰晶细观结构[70]

    Figure  2.  Micro-crystal structure of sea ice in the Arctic[70]

    图  3  海冰在单轴压缩试验中的韧–脆转变过程[76]

    Figure  3.  The ductile-brittle transition of sea ice in uniaxial compressive tests[76]

    图  4  海冰对直立结构挤压破碎的高压区[78]

    Figure  4.  Sketch of high pressure zones on vertical structure[78]

    图  5  冰压力与接触面积之间的关系[79]

    Figure  5.  Relationship between ice pressure and contact area[79]

    图  6  采用球体离散元方法构造的不同海冰类型

    Figure  6.  Different ice types constructed with the spherical discrete element method (SDEM)

    图  7  海冰离散元方法中的不同单元形态

    Figure  7.  Various element shapes in sea ice DEM simulations

    图  8  不同数值方法模拟的冰–结构相互作用

    Figure  8.  Interaction between sea ice and structure simulated with various numerical methods

    图  9  渤海JZ20-2油田单桩锥体NW导管架海洋平台

    Figure  9.  The NW jacket offshore platform of the JZ20-2 oil field in the Bohai Sea

    图  10  采用DEM–FEM方法模拟的锥体海洋平台结构冰激振动[51]

    Figure  10.  Ice-induced structure vibration of conical offshore platform simulated with DEM–FEM method[51]

    图  11  采用CFD–DEM方法模拟的船舶在碎冰区航行[121]

    Figure  11.  Ship navigation in broken ice field simulated with CFD–DEM coupled model[121]

    图  12  离散元软件IceDEM中海冰及工程结构参数设定[84]

    Figure  12.  Settings of sea ice and structure parameters in the software IceDEM[84]

    图  13  HSVA冰水池中海冰密集度71%冰况及数值冰水池[127]

    Figure  13.  The HSVA ice tank with 71% ice concentration and its numerical ice tank[127]

    图  14  船舶在碎冰区及平整冰区中航行的离散元模拟

    Figure  14.  DEM simulation of ship navigation in broken and level ice areas

    图  15  平整冰与锥体海洋平台上部、中部和下部作用时的离散元模拟三维再现[18]

    Figure  15.  3D reconstruction of DEM simulation of level ice interacting with the upper, middle and lower parts of a conical offshore platform[18]

    图  16  船舶在碎冰区航行的离散元模拟三维再现[12]

    Figure  16.  3D reconstruction of DEM simulation of ship navigation in broken ice area[12]

    图  17  船舶在冰区航行的冰载荷分布、冰阻力及冰–船作用模式的三维显示

    Figure  17.  3D display of ice load distribution, ice resistance and ice-ship interaction model of ship navigation in level ice area

    图  18  海冰单轴压缩和弯曲强度的离散元模拟[52]

    Figure  18.  DEM simulation of uniaxial compression and three-point bending tests of sea ice[52]

    图  19  离散元模拟中$ L/D $对海冰单轴压缩强度的影响[52]

    Figure  19.  Influence of $ L/D $ on the uniaxial compressive strength of sea ice in DEM simulations[52]

    图  20  卤水体积对海冰单轴压缩强度的影响

    Figure  20.  Relationship between uniaxial compressive strength of sea ice and brine volume

    图  21  雪龙号破冰船与平整冰相互作用的离散元模拟[130]

    Figure  21.  DEM simulation of interaction between the Icebreaker Xuelong and level ice[130]

    图  22  船体冰阻力时程曲线[130]

    Figure  22.  Time history of ice resistance on ship hull[130]

    图  23  船体冰载荷的离散元计算结果与Lindqvist公式对比[130]

    Figure  23.  Comparison between DEM results and Lindqvist empirical formula of ice loads on ship hull[130]

    图  24  冰压力IACS规范验证的离散元模型[132]

    Figure  24.  Sketch of DEM simulation for the validation with IACS standard[132]

    图  25  船体结构与大块浮冰碰撞的离散元模拟[132]

    Figure  25.  DEM simulation of collision between ship hull and ice floe[132]

    图  26  碰撞点处船体结构的冰压力[132]

    Figure  26.  Ice pressure on collision position of ship hull[132]

    图  27  海冰与锥体作用的模型试验及离散元模拟[48]

    Figure  27.  Model test and DEM simulation of interaction between sea ice and conical structure[48]

    图  28  汉堡试验与离散元模拟的冰载荷时程曲线对比

    Figure  28.  Comparison of time history of ice loads in HSVA model test and DEM simulations

    图  29  锥体结构的静冰力[48]

    Figure  29.  Static ice loads on conical structure[48]

    图  30  平整冰与锥体结构相互作用的离散元模拟及验证[26]

    Figure  30.  DEM simulation of interaction between level ice and conical structure and its validation[26]

    图  31  北极货船冰区航行中的破冰船引航

    Figure  31.  Icebreaker pilotage for cargo in the Arctic

    图  32  破冰船引航下船舶在平整冰区航行的离散元模拟 [130]

    Figure  32.  DEM simulation of ship navigation in level ice with icebreaker pilotage [130]

    图  33  有无破冰船引航条件下船舶结构冰阻力时程曲线

    Figure  33.  Time history of ice resistances on ship hull with or without icebreaker pilotage

    图  34  渤海JZ20-2 MUQ导管架式海洋平台及其有限元模型

    Figure  34.  The jacket offshore platform JZ20-2 MUQ and its FEM model in Bohai Sea

    图  35  DEM–FEM模拟的海冰与JZ20-2 MUQ平台相互作用过程

    Figure  35.  Interaction between sea ice and platform JZ20-2 MUQ simulated with DEM–FEM

    图  36  离散元计算的桩腿冰载荷时程

    Figure  36.  Ice forces on the platform simulated with DEM

    图  37  DEM–FEM耦合模型的冰载荷峰值与ISO19906, JTS 1441–1–2010标准对比

    Figure  37.  Comparison of peak ice forces in coupled DEM–FEM model with ISO19906 and JTS 144–1–2010 standards

    图  38  基于DEM–FEM耦合方法的JZ20-2 MUQ导管架式海洋平台冰激振动结果分析[43]

    Figure  38.  Analysis of ice-inducted vibration of jacket offshore platform JZ20-2 MUQ based on coupled DEM–FEM[43]

    图  39  冰速、冰厚与JZ20-2 MUQ平台结构冰激振动加速度的关系[43]

    Figure  39.  Relationship between ice velocity, ice thickness and ice-induced vibration of platform JZ20-2 MUQ[43]

    图  40  冰载荷作用下锥体结构的应力及压力分布[51]

    Figure  40.  Mises stress and pressure distributions of the conical structure under ice load[51]

    图  41  物理冰水池与数值冰水池

    Figure  41.  Physical ice tank and numerical ice tank

    图  42  数值冰水池与物理冰水池中的碎冰场

    Figure  42.  Broken ice field in numerical and physical ice tank

    图  43  数值冰水池中船与碎冰相互作用模拟

    Figure  43.  Simulation of interaction between ship and float ice in numerical ice tank

    图  44  数值与物理模型试验中海冰局部破坏现象对比[12]

    Figure  44.  Comparison of local damage of sea ice in numerical and physical model tests[12]

    图  45  浮冰区船体结构冰载荷时程

    Figure  45.  Time history of ice loads on ship hull in broken ice area

    图  46  数值冰水池中船与平整冰相互作用模拟

    Figure  46.  Simulation of interaction between ship and level ice in numerical ice tank

    图  47  数值冰水池与物理冰水池试验现象对比[134]

    Figure  47.  Comparison of experimental phenomenon in numerical and physical ice tanks[134]

    图  48  平整冰区船体结构冰阻力时程

    Figure  48.  Time history of ice resistance on ship hull in level ice

    表  1  海冰模型试验中的主要物理量比尺

    Table  1.   Scale ratio of primary physical parameters in sea ice model tests

    ParameterScaleParameterScale
    length/m$ \lambda $ice strneght/Pa$ \lambda $
    time/s$ \lambda^{\text{1/2}} $ice thickness/m$ \lambda $
    velocity/($ \mathrm{m}{\cdot \mathrm{s}}^{-1} $)$ \lambda^{\text{1/2}} $elasticity modulus/Pa$ \lambda $
    mass/kg$ {\lambda }^{3} $force/N$ {\lambda }^{3} $
    period/s$ \lambda^{\text{1/2}} $stiffness /($\mathrm{N}{\cdot \mathrm{m} }^{-1}$)$ {\lambda }^{2} $
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-05-30
  • 录用日期:  2021-08-05
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-08-06
  • 刊出日期:  2021-09-18

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