EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE CONTROL OF FLOW-INDUCED OSCILLATIONS OF UNDERWATER APERTURE-CAVITIES
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摘要: 水中开孔腔流激振荡是水下航行器的一类突出噪声源. 为探究有效抑制水中开孔腔流激振荡的控制方法和作用特性, 首先以水下航行器的表面开孔结构为对象设计了开孔腔模型, 并提出一种基于来流边界层分流原理的流动控制装置——前缘分流体, 借助循环水洞装置对水中开孔腔的流激振荡特性及其控制进行了实验研究. 通过沿流向和展向安装于腔底的动态压力传感器测量腔内脉动压力, 分别从腔内脉动压力的频谱特性和空间分布特性两方面, 探讨了水中开孔腔在不同流速下的流激振荡特性和前缘分流体对水中开孔腔流激振荡的控制效果, 并对前缘分流体的主要作用机理进行了分析. 研究结果表明: 水中开孔腔流激振荡形式以剪切层自持振荡为主, 在流速较低时, 如2.4 m/s, 就会产生稳定的自持振荡, 且具有随流速升高而急剧增大的趋势; 前缘分流体对水中开孔腔绕流自持振荡具有良好的抑制效果, 且抑制效果随流速增加而显著提升, 对腔内脉动压力频谱峰值和总级的最大抑制量分别达到25.3 dB和15.6 dB; 此外, 前缘分流体对开孔腔流激振荡具有低频频移作用, 有益于避免发生流激空腔共振; 脉动压力空间分布特性表明, 前缘分流体对水中开孔腔流激振荡抑制机理主要在于破坏了腔内流场受到的周期调制作用.Abstract: Flow-induced oscillation (FIO) of underwater aperture-cavities is one of prominent noise sources of underwater vehicles. In order to explore the effective control method and suppression characteristics of FIO of underwater aperture-cavity, experiments of FIO characteristics and its control of underwater aperture-cavities were carried out in the circulating water tunnel. The experimental model of underwater aperture-cavity was designed based on the surface aperture structure of underwater vehicles, and the FIO control device, leading-edge flow splitter (LFS), was proposed based on the principle of incoming boundary layer diversion. The FIO characteristics of underwater aperture-cavities and the effects of LFS on FIO at different freestream velocities were discussed from the two aspects of the frequency spectrum characteristics and the spatial distribution characteristics of the intracavity pressure fluctuations, while the intracavity pressure fluctuations were measured by the streamwise and spanwise installed dynamic pressure transducers at the bottom of the cavity. The investigation results show that the form of FIO of underwater aperture-cavities is dominated by the self-sustained oscillation of the shear layer, which occurs at a relatively low freestream velocity, such as 2.4 m/s, and has an intensive reinforcement with the increase of the freestream velocity. It was proved that the LFS has a good suppression effect on the FIO of aperture-cavities in water, and the suppression effect is significantly enhanced with the increase of the freestream velocity. Specifically, the maximum suppression of the peak and total level of the intracavity pressure fluctuations spectrum reaches 25.3 dB and 15.6 dB, respectively. Besides, the LFS has a low frequency shift effect on the FIO of aperture-cavities, which is beneficial for avoiding the occurrence of flow-induced cavity resonance. Finally, the spatial distribution characteristics of pressure fluctuations indicate that the suppression mechanism of the FIO of underwater aperture cavities by the LFS mainly lies in destroying the periodic modulation effect of the intracavity flow field.
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Key words:
- aperture-cavity /
- flow-induced oscillation /
- flow control /
- cavity flow /
- underwater noise
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图 2 实验开孔腔模型及关键尺寸参数(单位: mm)
1-1—压力传感器安装; 2-2—前缘分流体安装
Figure 2. The aperture-cavity model and key geometry parameters in experiments (unit: mm)
1-1—Installation of pressure transducers; 2-2—Installation of leading-edge flow splitter
图 7 流激空腔振荡作用机制示意图
Figure 7. Sketch map of the mechanism of flow-induced cavity oscillation
图 8 壁面脉动压力频谱随流速变化云图(白色圆圈对应于各流速下的频谱峰值)
Figure 8. Spectral contour of wall pressure fluctuations as a function of freestream velocity (the white circles correspond to the peak of spectrum at different velocities)
图 9 典型来流速度下壁面脉动压力PSD*
Figure 9. PSD* of wall pressure fluctuations at typical freestream velocities
图 10 不同流速下开孔腔绕流自持振荡频率分布(
${f_{1{\rm{st}}}}$ 和${f_{{\rm{2nd}}}}$ 分别为基准开孔腔一阶和二阶自持振荡频率,${f_{{\rm{control}}}}$ 为控制开孔腔自持振荡频率)Figure 10. Frequencies of self-sustained oscillation of aperture-cavity flow versus freestream velocity (
${f_{1{\rm{st}}}}$ &${f_{{\rm{2nd}}}}$ are the frequencies of first and second self-sustained oscillation of baseline case, respectively;${f_{{\rm{control}}}}$ is the frequency of self-sustained oscillation of controlled case)
图 11 脉动压力总级和最大PSD*随流速变化曲线
Figure 11. OASPL and PSD* of wall pressure fluctuation versus freestream velocity
图 12 脉动压力衰减量随流速变化曲线
Figure 12. Attenuation of wall pressure fluctuation versus freestream velocity
图 13 不同流速下腔底压力载荷系数空间分布
Figure 13. Spatial distribution of
${C_{{\rm{prms}}}}$ on the cavity floor at different freestream velocities
图 15 P1测点和P7测点压力信号相关性分析(☆基准空腔, ○控制空腔)
Figure 15. Cross-correlation analysis of pressure signals of P4 and P7 (☆baseline cavity, ○controlled cavity)
表 1 腔底传感器安装位置
Table 1. Location of the floor mounted transducers
Tags P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 x/L −2.28 −1.52 −0.76 0 0.76 1.52 y/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tags P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 x/L 2.28 0 0 0 0 y/W 0 −0.43 −0.21 0.21 0.43 
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表 2 自持振荡一阶模态频率实验值和预测值对比
Table 2. Comparison of 1st mode frequency of self-sustained oscillation between experimental values and predicted values
${U_\infty }$/(m·s−1) ${f_{1,\exp }}$/Hz ${f_{1,{\rm{pre}}}}$(Eq. (12))
/Hz${f_{1,{\rm{pre}}}}$(Eq. (13))
/HzError/% Eq. (12) Eq. (13) 2.0 19.5 18.3 21.3 −6 9.1 2.4 24 22.0 25.5 −8.3 6.4 2.8 28.5 25.7 29.8 −10 4.5 3.2 32.5 29.3 34. −9.8 4.7 3.6 36 33 38.3 −8.4 6.3 4.0 39 36.6 42.5 −6 9.1 4.4 41 40.3 46.8 −1.1 14.1
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表 3 自持振荡二阶模态频率实验值和预测值对比
Table 3. Comparison of 2nd mode frequency of self-sustained oscillation between experimental values and predicted values
${U_\infty }$/(m·s−1) ${f_{2,\exp }}$/Hz ${f_{2,{\rm{pre}}}}$(Eq. (12))
/Hz${f_{2,{\rm{pre}}}}$(Eq. (13))
/HzError/% Eq. (12) Eq. (13) 3.2 61 65.7 69.1 7.8 13.2 3.6 67.5 74 77.7 9.6 15.1 4.0 75.5 82.2 86.3 8.8 14.3 4.4 82 90.4 95 10.2 15.8
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表 4 从互相关分析估算的自持振荡主导模态频率
Table 4. Dominant mode frequencies of self-sustained oscillations estimated from cross-correlation analysis
${U_\infty }$/(m·s−-1) Time lag/ms Estimated ${f_{{\rm{dom}}}}$
/Hz${f_{{\rm{dom}}}}$ obtained
from PSD/Hz3.2 32.87 30.42 32.5 3.6 29.4474 33.97 36 4.0 13.1274 76.18 75.5 4.4 12.1774 82.11 82
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