横摆振荡翼型动态气动掠效应试验研究

李国强; 陈立; 黄霞

doi:10.6052/0459-1879-18-183

横摆振荡翼型动态气动掠效应试验研究

doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-18-183

李国强^*†2), ,,
陈立^†,
黄霞^*

^*(中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力学研究所, 四川绵阳 621000)
^†(中国空气动力研究与发展中心空气动力学国家重点实验室, 四川绵阳 621000)

基金项目: 1) 装备预先研究专用技术项目 (30103010304)和国家"973"计划项目(2014CB046200)资助.

详细信息

通讯作者:
李国强

中图分类号: O355;
计量
- 文章访问数: 1355
- HTML全文浏览量: 144
- PDF下载量: 297
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-06-04
- 刊出日期: 2018-09-18

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DYNAMIC AERODYNAMIC SWEPT EFFECT ON YAW OSCILLATING AIRFOIL

Li Guoqiang^{*†2)
, ,},
Chen Li^†,
Huang Xia^*

^*(Low Speed Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China)
^†(State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China)

摘要

摘要: 大型风力机设计对获取翼型更加全面、准确的动态载荷提出更高要求, 研究翼型横摆振荡动态气动特性具有重要意义. 借助"电子凸轮"技术和动态数据同步采集手段, 针对翼型动态“掠效应”首次开展了横摆振荡风洞试验研究, 研究表明: 横摆振荡翼型的气动曲线存在明显迟滞效应, 吸力面压力周期性波动是主要诱因, 且随着振荡频率、初始迎角和振幅的增大, 气动迟滞特性均增强; 升力和压差阻力随横摆角变化的迟滞回线呈"W"形, 俯仰力矩迟滞回线呈"M"形, 升力差量迟滞回线呈"$\infty$"形; 负行程下翼型气动力相对于正行程下的更高, 且负行程下翼型气动力随振荡频率的增大而略有增大, 正行程下则明显减小; 升力系数功率谱密度分布在振荡频率倍频处的能量集中的幅值随着振荡频率增大有增大趋势; 吸力面1.2%和40%弦长处压力的滞回特性较强, 是由于翼面剪切层涡和动态分离涡周期性发展、运动、破裂和重建; 振幅为$10^{\circ}$时, 升力迟滞曲线呈"$^{\wedge}$"形, 振幅为$30^{\circ}$ 时, 升力迟滞曲线呈"$^{\wedge\wedge\wedge}$"形.
- 翼型 /
- 横摆振荡 /
- 掠效应 /
- 动态试验
Abstract: The design of large wind turbines has put forward higher requirements for obtaining more comprehensive and accurate dynamic loads of airfoil. It is of great significance to study the influence of yaw oscillation on the dynamic aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil. With the help of "electronic cam" technology and synchronous acquisition of dynamic data, the wind tunnel test of yaw oscillation was first carried out for the dynamic "sweep effect" of the airfoil in this paper. The study shows that the aerodynamic curve of the yaw oscillating airfoil has obvious hysteresis effect, the periodic pressure fluctuation of the airfoil suction surface is the main inducement, and the aerodynamic hysteresis characteristics are enhanced with the increase of the oscillation frequency, the initial angle of attack and the amplitude. The hysteresis loop of the lift and pressure difference drag changing with yaw angle is "W" type, the hysteresis loop of the pitching moment is "M" type, and the hysteresis loop of the lift difference is "$\infty$" type. The aerodynamic force of the airfoil under the negative stroke is higher than that under the positive stroke, and the aerodynamic coefficients of the airfoil under negative stroke increase slightly with the increase of the oscillation frequency, but decrease obviously under positive stroke with the increase of the oscillation frequency. The power spectral density (PSD) distribution of the airfoil lift coefficient has obvious energy concentration characteristics at the integer multiple of the oscillating frequency, and with the increase of the oscillation frequency, the amplitude of the energy concentration is obviously increased, which reflects the enhancement of the unsteady flow around the yaw motion airfoil. There is hysteresis effect of the pressure coefficient changing with the yaw angle on different suction surface position, in which the hysteresis areas of the pressure coefficient are larger on 1.2% chord position and 40% chord position, as the result of the periodic generation, development, movement, breakdown and reconstruction of the shear layer vortex and the dynamic separation vortex on the airfoil surface. When the amplitude of yaw oscillation $\beta_1=10^{\circ}$, the shape of $C_\text L-\beta$ curve is "$^\wedge$" type. When the amplitude of yaw oscillation $\beta_1=30^{\circ}$, the shape of $C_\text L-\beta$ curve is "$^{\wedge\wedge\wedge}$" type, that is, when the yaw angle $\beta>20^{\circ}$ or $\beta<-20^{\circ}$, the shape of the lift coefficient hysteresis loop of the airfoil presents "drooping" phenomenon.
- airfoil /
- yaw oscillation /
- sweep effect /
- dynamic test

HTML全文

参考文献(1)

[1]	黎作武, 贺德馨. 风能工程中流体力学问题的研究现状与进展. 力学进展, 2013, 43(5): 472-525
[1]	(Li Zuowu, He Dexin.Reviews of fluid dynamics researches in wind energy engineering. Advances in Mechanics, 2013, 43(5): 472-525 (in Chinese))
[2]	胡海岩, 赵永辉, 黄锐等. 飞机结构气动弹性分析与控制研究. 力学学报, 2016, 48(1): 1-27
[2]	(Hu Haiyan, Zhao Yonghui, Huang Rui, et al.Studies on aeroelastic analysis and control of aircraft structures. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2016, 48(1): 1-27 (in Chinese))
[3]	王珑, 王同光. 风力机设计及其空气动力学问题. 中国科学, 2013, 43(12): 1579-1588
[3]	(Wang Long, Wang Tongguang.Wind turbine design and its aerodynamic issues. Scientia Sinica, 2013,43(12): 1579-1588 (in Chinese))
[4]	刘雄, 梁湿. 风力机翼型在复合运动下的动态失速数值分析. 工程力学, 2016, 33(12): 248-256
[4]	(Liu Xiong, Liang Shi.Numerical investigation on dynamic stall of wind turbine airfoil undergoing complex motion. Engineering Mechanics, 2016, 33(12): 248-256 (in Chinese))
[5]	Hansen AC, Butterfield CP.Aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines. Annu.Rev.Fluid Mech, 1993, 25: 115-149
[6]	Paker AG, Bicknell J.Some measurements on dynamic stall. J Aircraft, 1974,11(2): 371-374
[7]	Bjorck A.Dynamic stall and three-dimensional effects: final report for the EC DGXII Joule II Project JOU2-CT93-0345, 1995
[8]	Walker JM, Helin HE, Strickland JH.An experimental investigation of an airfoil undergoing large-amplitude pitching motions. AIAA Journal, 1985, 23(8): 1141-1142
[9]	Favier D, Belledue J, Maresca C.Influence of coupling incidence and velocity variations on the airfoil dynamic stall//Presented at the AHS 48th Annual Forum,Washington D C, June 1992
[10]	Babbitt AL, Strike JA. Dynamic characterization of a wind turbine blade section. AIAA Paper 2011-350, 2011
[11]	Ramsay R, Hoffman M.Effects of grit roughness and pitch oscillations on the S809 airfoil. NREL/TP-442-7817, 1995.12
[12]	汤瑞源, 赵明亮, 吴永健等. 测力法在翼型动态失速试验研究中的应用. 气动实验与测量控制, 1995, 9(2): 16-20
[12]	(Tang Ruiyuan, Zhao Mingliang, Wu Yongjian, et al.The application of the force measurement method on experimental study of airfoil dynamic stall. Aerodynamic Experiment and Measurement & Control, 1995, 9(2): 16-20 (in Chinese))
[13]	Ma J, XU J. PIV experimental study of a 2-D wind turbine airfoil. AIAA Paper 2010-6513, 2010
[14]	周瑞兴, 上官云信, 解亚军等. 两种厚度翼型动态失速特性的研究. 西北工业大学学报, 1999, 17(3): 475-479
[14]	(Zhou Ruixing, Shangguan Yunxin, Xie Yajun, et al.Dynamic stall characteristics of two different rotor-blade airfoils. Journal of Northwestern Poly Technical University, 1999, 17(3): 475-479 (in Chinese))
[15]	惠增宏, 王龙, 徐倩等. 风力机翼型动态测压试验技术研究. 实验流体力学, 2012, 26(4): 6-10
[15]	(Hui Zenghong, Wang Long, Xu Qian, et al.Dynamic pressure measurement techniques on wind turbine airfoil. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2012, 26(4): 6-10 (in Chinese))
[16]	王清, 招启军, 赵国庆等. 旋翼翼型动态失速流场特性PIV试验研究及L-B模型修正. 力学学报, 2014, 46(4): 631-634
[16]	(Wang Qing, Zhang Qijun, Zhao Guoqing, et al.PIV experiments on flowfield characteristics of rotor airfoil dynamic stall and modifications of L-B model. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2014, 46(4): 631-634 (in Chinese))
[17]	史志伟, 耿存杰, 明晓等. 旋翼翼型俯仰沉浮运动非定常气动特性实验研究. 实验流体力学, 2007, 21(3): 19-23
[17]	(Shi Zhiwei, Geng Cunjie, Ming Xiao, et al.Experimental investigation on unsteady aerodynamics of rotor-blade airfoil. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2007, 21(3): 19-23 (in Chinese))
[18]	王清, 招启军, 赵国庆等. 变来流速度下旋翼翼型非定常气动特性分析. 航空动力学报, 2017, 32(2): 364-372
[18]	(Wang Qing, Zhao Qijun, Zhao Guoqing, et al.Unsteady aerodynamic characteristic analysis of rotor airfoil under variational free stream velocity condition. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2017, 32(2): 364-372 (in Chinese))
[19]	史志伟, 明晓, 王同光等. 非定常自由来流对二维翼型气动特性的影响研究. 空气动力学报, 2008, 26(4): 493-497
[19]	(Shi Zhiwei, Ming Xiao, Wang Tongguang, et al.The effects of unsteady free stream on the static and pitching airfoils. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2008, 26(4): 493-497 (in Chinese))
[20]	Leishman JG.Modeling sweep of leading edge thrust phenomena, Journal of Aircraft, 17(12): 890-897, 1980
[21]	LEISS. Unsteady sweep--A key to simulation of three dimensional rotor blade airloads//11th European Rotorcraft Forum, London, 1985
[22]	刘峥. 动态失速对直升机空中共振的影响分析. [硕士论文]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2013
[22]	(Liu Zheng.Investigation of the influence of dynamic stall on helicopter air resonance stability. [Master Thesis]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013 (in Chinese))
[23]	宋辰瑶, 徐国华. 旋翼翼型非定常动态失速响应的计算. 空气动力学学报, 2007, 25(4): 461-467
[23]	(Song Chenyao, Xu Guohua.Computations of unsteady dynamic stall responses on rotor airfoils. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2007, 25(4): 461-467 (in Chinese))
[24]	崔伟伟, 项效镕, 杜建一等. 掠效应对高负荷跨音转子性能的影响. 工程热物理学报, 2012, 33(5): 753-756
[24]	(Cui Weiwei, Xiang Xiaorong, Du Jianyi, et al.Effects of sweep on the performance of highly loaded transonic rotors. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012, 33(5): 753-756 (in Chinese))
[25]	Yang J, Ganesh B, Komerath N.Radial flow measurements downstream of forced dynamic separation on a rotor blade//36th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit, California, 2006
[26]	Henkner J, Ranke H.Unsteady boundary layer separation on swept and unswept wings in sinusoidal dynamic stall motion//New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics, Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1997
[27]	Salari K, Roache P.The influence of sweep on dynamic stall produced by a rapidly pitching wing//Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 2013
[28]	Lorber PF.Dynamic stall of sinusoidally oscillating three-dimensional swept and unswept wings in compressible flow//Annual Forum Proceedings-American Helicopter Society, Washington,1992
[29]	陆夕云, 庄礼贤, 尹协远等. 大迎角水平振动翼型绕流的数值模拟. 航空学报, 1993, 14(11): 632-635
[29]	(Lu Xiyun, Zhang Lixian, Yin Xieyuan, et al.Numerical simulation of flows past a longitudinally oscillating airfoil at high incidences. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 1993, 14(11): 632-635 (in Chinese))
[30]	Butterfield CP, Musial WP, Simms DA.Combined experiment phase I final report. NREL/TP-257-4655, Golden, Colorado: NREL, 1992
[31]	刘强, 刘周, 白鹏等. 低雷诺数翼型蒙皮主动振动气动特性及流场结构数值研究. 力学学报, 2016, 48(2): 269-277
[31]	(Liu Qiang, Liu Zhou, Bai Peng, et al.Numerical study about aerodynamic characteristics and flow field structures for a skin of airfoil with active oscillation at low Reynolds number. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2016, 48(2): 269-277 (in Chinese))
[32]	Costes M, Richez F, Pape AL, et al.Numerical investigation of three-dimensional effects during dynamic stall. Aerospace Science & Technology, 2015, 47(3): 216-237
[33]	吕超, 王同光. 三维动态失速模型研究. 应用数学和力学, 2011, 32(4): 375-382
[33]	(L$\ddot{\text u}$ Chao, Wang Tongguang. Modelling of three-dimensional dynamic stall. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2011, 32(4): 375-382 (in Chinese))
[34]	Spentzos A, Barakos GN, Badcock KJ, et al.Computational fluid dynamics study of three-dimensional dynamic stall of various planform shapes. Journal of Aircraft, 2007, 44(4): 1118-1128
[35]	Buchner AJ, Honnery D, Soria J.Stability and three-dimensional evolution of a transitional dynamic stall vortex. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2017, 823: 166-197