EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON FAILURE CRITERIA OF FRESHWATER ICE UNDER TRIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRESS
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摘要: 为了更清楚地认识含冰冻结壁力学特性、解决复杂冰岩耦合问题以及给冰工程设计和数值仿真分析提供参数，有必要对冰在三向受力条件下的力学特性进行深入研究.以内蒙古自治区东胜煤田石拉乌素矿立井井筒建设为背景，参考现场水文地质资料在室内制作相似冰样，利用TDW-200低温冻土试验机，进行了4组温度和7组围压的人工淡水柱状冰三轴压缩强度试验，加载速率为0.5 mm/min，加载方向垂直于冰的晶轴方向.结果表明：在恒定温度条件下，柱状冰随围压增大塑性增强，而恒定围压条件下，柱状冰随温度降低脆性增强；在试验温度范围内，淡水柱状冰和多晶冰强度均随围压、温度升高而增大，但同条件下柱状冰强度高于多晶冰；采用D-A模型、Teardrop模型解释了高压下偏应力与围压之间的非线性关系，从不同角度对拟合得到的破坏准则综合考虑，认为D-A准则更适合用于描述淡水冰的破坏特征.研究结果可为后期同条件冰-岩耦合、数值模拟研究提供参考.Abstract: In order to know the mechanical properties of frozen wall which contain ice, solve the ice-rock coupling problems, provide believable parameters for ice engineering design and numerical simulation analysis, it is necessary to research the ice mechanics under triaxial compressive stress. Taking the frozen shaft construction of Shilawusu coal mine in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region Dongsheng coal field as the project background of the research. The similarity columnar ice specimens are fabricated in the laboratory based on the field data. A series of tests were performed on artificial freshwater columnar ice under triaxial compression at 4 group temperatures and 7 group confining pressures by using the TDW-200 frozen soil triaxial test system. The loading rate of the series of tests is 0.5 mm/min, and the loading direction is perpendicular to the crystal axis of ice. The results show that, when the experimental temperature is constant, the plasticity of columnar ice increases with increasing confining pressures. When the experimental confining pressure is constant, the brittleness of columnar ice increases with decreasing temperature. Within the range of test temperature, the strength of columnar ice and polycrystalline ice increase with the increase of confining pressure and temperature. The strength of columnar ice is higher than polycrystalline ice at the same conditions. The non-linear relationship between deviatoric stress and confining pressures is explained by D-A model or Teardrop model. From the point of view of integrated advisement, the D-A failure criteria is more reasonable to describe the failure characteristics of the freshwater ice. The conclusions can provide some scientific references for ice-rock coupling research and numerical simulation under the same conditions.
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Key words:
- frozen wall /
- freshwater ice /
- triaxial compression /
- strength /
- failure criteria
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图 1 试验冰样存储及其安装示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of ice specimens storage mode and assembly
图 3 柱状冰不同温度下峰值应力和围压关系
Figure 3. Relationship among peak stress of columnar ice and confining pressure at different temperatures
图 4 抗剪强度指标与温度关系
Figure 4. Relationships among shear strength parameters and temperature
图 5 淡水冰峰值偏应力q与围压 $\sigma_{3}$ 关系
Figure 5. Relationships between q of freshwater ice and $\sigma_{3}$
图 9 D-A (红色)、Teardrop (蓝色) 与M-C (绿色) 破坏准则比较
Figure 9. Comparison between D-A (red), Teardrop (blue) and M-C (green) criterion
表 1 试验方案及实验结果
Table 1. Test scheme and results
表 2 不同温度条件下柱状冰内摩擦角和黏聚力
Table 2. Internal friction angle and cohesion of columnar ice at different temperatures
表 3 不同温度下参数 $a$ , $b$ , $\sigma_{t}$ 的值
Table 3. The values of $a$ , $b $ and $\sigma_{t}$ at different temperatures
表 4 不同温度下参数 $p_{\max}$ , $\lambda $ , $p_{c}$ 的值
Table 4. The values of $p_{\max}$ , $\lambda $ and $p_{c}$ at different temperatures
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