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隧道及地下工程的基本问题及其研究进展

张顶立

张顶立. 隧道及地下工程的基本问题及其研究进展[J]. 力学学报, 2017, 49(1): 3-21. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-348
引用本文: 张顶立. 隧道及地下工程的基本问题及其研究进展[J]. 力学学报, 2017, 49(1): 3-21. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-348
Zhang Dingli. ESSENTIAL ISSUES AND THEIR RESEARCH PROGRESS IN TUNNEL AND UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2017, 49(1): 3-21. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-348
Citation: Zhang Dingli. ESSENTIAL ISSUES AND THEIR RESEARCH PROGRESS IN TUNNEL AND UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2017, 49(1): 3-21. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-348

隧道及地下工程的基本问题及其研究进展

doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-348
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金重点项目资助 U1234210

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    张顶立,教授,主要研究方向:隧道及地下工程方面的教学与研究工作.E-mail:zhang-dingli@263.net

  • 中图分类号: TU43

ESSENTIAL ISSUES AND THEIR RESEARCH PROGRESS IN TUNNEL AND UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING

  • 摘要: 作为隧道及地下工程学科的3个基本问题,隧道围岩稳定性、支护——围岩相互作用和结构体系的动力响应一直都是本学科研究的核心问题,本文围绕上述问题重点分析了隧道围岩力学特性及其载荷效应,建立了深浅层围岩结构力学模型,并通过分析深层围岩中结构层稳定性得到了围岩特性曲线的解析公式,提出了围岩结构性特点及载荷效应的计算方法;通过对隧道支护与围岩作用关系的分析,将支护与围岩的动态作用分为4个阶段:即自由变形、超前支护、初期支护和二次衬砌阶段.由此提出了动态作用全过程的描述方法;基于广义与狭义载荷的理念,提出隧道支护具有调动和协助围岩承载基本功能的观点,明确了两种功能的实现方式,即通过围岩加固、超前加固及锚杆支护实现调动围岩承载,通过支护结构协助围岩承载;针对复杂的隧道支护结构体系,提出了多目标、分阶段协同作用动态优化概念,可使各种支护结构的施作实现时间和空间上的协调,提高可靠性;针对极不稳定的复杂隧道围岩的安全性特点,建立了3种模式的安全事故机理模型,基于工程响应特点提出了安全性分级的新理念,并形成了分级指标体系和分级方法;针对水下隧道及富水围岩条件,建立了3种模式的隧道突涌水机理模型,提出了基于围岩变形控制的安全性控制理论和方法.最后,对本学科发展的热点和核心问题进行了分析和展望.

     

  • 图  1  隧道及地下工程的基本问题

    Figure  1.  Essential issues of tunnel and underground engineering

    图  2  隧道围岩变形过程

    Figure  2.  Deformation process of tunnel surrounding rock

    图  3  隧道围岩破坏区的发展

    Figure  3.  Development of tunnel surrounding rock failure zone

    图  4  深浅层围岩的边界范围

    Figure  4.  Boundaries of deep and shallow surrounding rock

    图  5  隧道围岩压力拱的发展过程

    Figure  5.  Arch development process of shallow buried tunnel

    图  6  围岩复合结构的形成

    Figure  6.  The formation of surrounding rock compound structure

    图  7  载荷计算模型

    Figure  7.  Load calculation model

    图  8  围岩载荷特性曲线

    Figure  8.  Characteristic curve of surrounding rock load

    图  9  阶段性破坏情况下的围岩载荷关系曲线

    Figure  9.  Relationship curves of surrounding rock load under the vskip -1mm phased destruction

    图  10  隧道围岩拱顶沉降历时曲线

    Figure  10.  Crown settlement-time curves of tunnel surrounding rock

    图  11  隧道初期支护拱架钢筋受力历时曲线

    Figure  11.  Stress-time curves of tunnel initial support steel arch centering

    图  12  支护与围岩动态相互作用概念

    Figure  12.  Conception of dynamic interaction between support and surrounding rock

    图  13  兰渝线胡麻岭隧道接触压力(kPa)

    Figure  13.  Contact pressure for Humaling Tunnel of Lanyu Line (kPa)

    图  14  隧道支护结构体系的工作特性

    Figure  14.  Working characteristics of tunnel support system

    图  15  隧道围岩失稳引起的塌方事故

    Figure  15.  Tunnel collapse caused by surrounding rock instability

    图  16  隧道结构失效引起的塌方事故

    Figure  16.  Tunnel collapse caused by initial support structure failure

    图  17  隧道环境失调引起的塌方事故

    Figure  17.  Tunnel collapse caused by environmental disturbance

    图  18  衬砌背后接触松散区径向尺寸分布

    Figure  18.  Radial dimension distributions of voids or loose zones behind tunnel lining

    图  19  浆脉间挤压复合形成的整体结构

    Figure  19.  Integral structure formed by extrusion between grout vein

    图  20  不良地质段注浆加固方式与参数设计

    Figure  20.  Reinforcement pattern and parameter design for unfavorable geologic section

    图  21  防水排水系统的对比

    Figure  21.  Comparison of waterproof and drainage system

    图  22  围岩加固圈与初期支护堵水效果分析

    Figure  22.  Analysis on water plugging effect of surrounding rock reinforcement ring and initial support

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2016-11-25
  • 修回日期:  2016-11-28
  • 网络出版日期:  2016-11-30
  • 刊出日期:  2017-01-18

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