ESSENTIAL ISSUES AND THEIR RESEARCH PROGRESS IN TUNNEL AND UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING
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摘要: 作为隧道及地下工程学科的3个基本问题，隧道围岩稳定性、支护——围岩相互作用和结构体系的动力响应一直都是本学科研究的核心问题，本文围绕上述问题重点分析了隧道围岩力学特性及其载荷效应，建立了深浅层围岩结构力学模型，并通过分析深层围岩中结构层稳定性得到了围岩特性曲线的解析公式，提出了围岩结构性特点及载荷效应的计算方法；通过对隧道支护与围岩作用关系的分析，将支护与围岩的动态作用分为4个阶段：即自由变形、超前支护、初期支护和二次衬砌阶段.由此提出了动态作用全过程的描述方法；基于广义与狭义载荷的理念，提出隧道支护具有调动和协助围岩承载基本功能的观点，明确了两种功能的实现方式，即通过围岩加固、超前加固及锚杆支护实现调动围岩承载，通过支护结构协助围岩承载；针对复杂的隧道支护结构体系，提出了多目标、分阶段协同作用动态优化概念，可使各种支护结构的施作实现时间和空间上的协调，提高可靠性；针对极不稳定的复杂隧道围岩的安全性特点，建立了3种模式的安全事故机理模型，基于工程响应特点提出了安全性分级的新理念，并形成了分级指标体系和分级方法；针对水下隧道及富水围岩条件，建立了3种模式的隧道突涌水机理模型，提出了基于围岩变形控制的安全性控制理论和方法.最后，对本学科发展的热点和核心问题进行了分析和展望.
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关键词:
- 隧道围岩 /
- 支护结构体系 /
- 支护——围岩动态作用 /
- 支护结构设计
Abstract: As three essential issues in tunnel and underground engineering contain stability of surrounding rocks, interact relation between support and surrounding rock as well as structural dynamic response of a support system are also the key problems in subject study.All around these issues, this paper emphatically analyzes the surrounding rock mechanical characteristics and load effect, and establishes mechanical model of internal and external surrounding rock.Based on the study of stability of structure layer in model above, analytic formula of ground reaction curve and computing method of surrounding rock load effect are given.According to the analysis of interact relation between support and surrounding rock, this interactional dynamic process is divided into four stages:free ground deforming, advance supporting, preliminary supporting, secondary supporting, thus description method of the dynamic process is raised.On idea of generalized load and special load, basic functions of support: "mobilizing" and "assisting" are proposed, then their implementations are clarified, which are"mobilizing" surrounding rock to bear the load reinforcement by applying surrounding rock reinforcement, advance reinforcement and bolt support, "assisting"surrounding rock to bear the load by using the supporting structure.Aiming at the complex tunnel support system, the concept of dynamic optimization of multi-objective and staged synergistic effect is put forward, which can realize the coordination of various supporting structures in terms of time and space to improve the reliability.In view of the safety characteristics of extremely unstable complex surrounding rock, the safety accident mechanism model of three patterns is established.A new concept of safety classification is put forward based on the characteristics of engineering response, and a gradation index system and classification method are established.On account of the underwater tunnel and water-enriched surrounding rock, three patterns of water inrush mechanism model are established, and the theory and method of safety control based on deformation control of surrounding rock are put forward.At last, the hotspot and core problems of the discipline development are analyzed and prospected. -
图 9 阶段性破坏情况下的围岩载荷关系曲线
Figure 9. Relationship curves of surrounding rock load under the vskip -1mm phased destruction
图 11 隧道初期支护拱架钢筋受力历时曲线
Figure 11. Stress-time curves of tunnel initial support steel arch centering
图 12 支护与围岩动态相互作用概念
Figure 12. Conception of dynamic interaction between support and surrounding rock
图 13 兰渝线胡麻岭隧道接触压力(kPa)
Figure 13. Contact pressure for Humaling Tunnel of Lanyu Line (kPa)
图 16 隧道结构失效引起的塌方事故
Figure 16. Tunnel collapse caused by initial support structure failure
图 18 衬砌背后接触松散区径向尺寸分布
Figure 18. Radial dimension distributions of voids or loose zones behind tunnel lining
图 19 浆脉间挤压复合形成的整体结构
Figure 19. Integral structure formed by extrusion between grout vein
图 20 不良地质段注浆加固方式与参数设计
Figure 20. Reinforcement pattern and parameter design for unfavorable geologic section
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