MECHANICAL MECHANISM AND DEVELOPMENT TREND OF WATER-INRUSH DISASTERS IN KARST TUNNELS
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摘要: 岩溶隧道突水灾害具有“强突发、高水压、大流量、多类型”等显著特点，其灾变演化过程复杂、动力失稳规律尚不清楚.本文系统提出了不同类型突水灾害的发生条件、判据及安全厚度分析方法，剖析了近期研究进展及发展趋势.首先，给出了隧道突水灾害的概念、类型及构成三要素，从系统论角度分析了隧道突水的灾变过程；其次，总结了隧道突水灾害致灾机理、力学模型、失稳判据和最小安全厚度等方面的近期研究成果；最后，从构成三要素角度分析了隧道突水致灾机理方面的现状与问题，并提出了今后的发展趋势与方向，主要有：（1）灾害源固液气三相置换机制与释能模式，（2）突水通道多相物质迁移与流态演化规律，（3）隔水阻泥结构动力灾变演化机理，（4）突水通道破裂形成过程的模拟分析方法等.Abstract: The water-inrush disasters in karst tunnels are commonly characterized by strong outburst, high water pressure, mass flow and multi-type, and its evolutionary process and dynamic instability is very complex and still unclear.The occurrence condition, criterion and safety thickness of different types of water inrushes are proposed, and the development trend of water inrush mechanism are analyzed in the present study.Firstly, the conception, type and three constituted elements of water inrush are introduced.Secondly, currently research achievements of mechanical mechanism and model, instability criterion and the minimum safety thickness of water inrush are summarized.Finally, the current situation and problems of water-inrush mechanism are analyzed from the point of the three constituted elements.The development trend and research are proposed, including (1) solid-liquid-gas replacement mechanism and energy-releasing pattern of the sources of water inrush disasters, (2) multiphase material migration and evolution law of flow regime in water-inrush passage, (3) dynamic catastrophe mechanism of water-proof structures, and (4) analysis method for simulating the forma tion of water-inrush passage.
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Key words:
- karst tunnel /
- water-inrush /
- mechanical mechanism /
- development trend
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图 4 掌子面前方隔水岩体最小安全厚度
Figure 4. The minumum safety thickness of water-proof rock mass in the front of tunnel face
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