NEW SOURCE/SINK MODEL, FLOW SIMULATION AND PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF THE REGENERATOR FOR HIGH FREQUENCY PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATOR
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摘要: 蓄冷器是脉冲管制冷机的一个关键部件，其工作性能将直接影响整机性能.针对工质在蓄冷器内交变流动的特性，提出了一个新的源/汇项模型来模拟蓄冷器内的流动与换热，同时模型也考虑了气固间的非热平衡.对于蓄冷器和换热器内的固体填料，在一些假定条件的基础上推导得到了固体物质的温度分布的解析解.该模型不需要建立固体的能量方程，减小了计算的工作量，避免了达西定律在高频下不适用的限制条件，并针对交变流动情况下对流换热系数的取值提出了解决方法.新模型的计算结果与实验结果符合良好，验证了模型的可靠性.进一步应用此模型分析了蓄冷器内部的热交换和制冷机理，并进行了蓄冷器的优化设计，对于不同目数，不同丝径，不同材料的丝网，进行了各种情况下蓄冷器的换热性能优化分析.Abstract: The regenerator filled with solid matrix is one of the major components in the PTC (pulse tube cryocooler). In this paper, a new source/sink model instead of porous medium assumption, which is merely applicable for low frequency apparatus, is established to simulate the flow and transport in the regenerator. The new model also is a non-thermal equilibrium model. Based on some assumptions, the analytic solution of the filled solid temperature can be obtained. The new model can reduce the computational workload because the model does not require the establishment of the energy equation of solid. We also propose a method to calculate the value of convective heat transfer coefficient under the alternating flow conditions. According to the comparison with the experimental data, the new model is verified. Then the model is used to analyze the heat transfer mechanism between the working fluids and the solid fillers in the regenerator.The regenerator heat transfer performance are optimized under different mesh screen geometries and properties with numerical simulation.
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图 2 频率对丝网表面处温度幅值的影响
Figure 2. Effect of frequency on the temperature amplitude at the surface of the wire screen
图 4 不同材质板叠表面处的温度变化
Figure 4. Temperature change at the surface of plate stack with different materials
图 5 惯性管型脉冲管制冷机系统示意图 (1压缩机；2水冷器；3蓄冷器；4冷端换热器；5脉冲管；6热端换热器；7惯性管；8气库)
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of ITPTR: (1) compressor, (2) water chilling heat exchanger, (3) regenerator, (4) cold end heat exchanger, (5) pulse tube, (6) hot end heat exchanger, (7) inertance tube, (8) gas reservoir
图 6 CHX最低温度的实验结果与计算结果比较
Figure 6. Comparison of the temperature of CHX between experimental and numerical results
图 7 CHX最低温度的实验结果与计算结果比较
Figure 7. Comparison of the temperature of CHX between experimental and numerical results
图 11 制冷机最低温度和蓄冷器内单位质量工质单位时间内的换热量随频率的变化
Figure 11. Variations of the minimum temperature and heat transfer per unit time and mass with frequency
图 12 制冷机和WHX入口端相位角随HHX出口端相位角的变化
Figure 12. Variations of cooling capacity and phase angle at the inlet of WHX with the phase angle
表 1 惯性管型脉冲管制冷机各部件尺寸
Table 1. Dimensions of ITPTR
表 3 不同热物性参数下的热穿透深度和制冷量
Table 3. Heat penetration and cooling capacity at different thermal-physical properties
表 4 不同回热器的参数
Table 4. Regenerator with different parameters
表 5 不同频率蓄冷器内单位质量工质的周期换热量
Table 5. Heat exchange per cycle of unit mass working gas under different frequencies in regenerator
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