DYNAMIC MODELING, SIMULATION AND MODEL TESTS RESEARCH ON THE FLOATING VAWT
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摘要: 考虑气动力和水动力的耦合研究浮式垂直轴风机系统的运动响应，将固定式垂直轴风机的气动载荷计算方法进一步推广到海上浮式垂直轴风机的气动载荷计算.考虑阻尼力、波浪力、风载荷、系泊力等，建立了浮式垂直轴风机系统的纵荡-垂荡-纵摇运动方程.考虑动态失速和浮式基础运动，基于双致动盘多流管理论，推导了风机叶片气动载荷计算公式，编制了数值计算程序.以Sandia 17 m风机为例，验证了气动载荷计算程序的正确性.最后进行了模型实验，其中模型的风机为Φ型达里厄垂直轴风机，支撑基础为桁架式Spar型浮式基础，将模型实验结果与数值计算结果进行了对比，验证了耦合计算程序.结果表明，数值计算得到的风机系统的垂荡、纵摇运动的RAO（幅值响应算子）曲线与模型实验结果吻合较好，验证了耦合程序的正确性.然而，由于数值计算与模型实验在运动自由度、阻尼、风载荷等方面存在差别，数值计算结果与模型实验结果仍有一定的差异.Abstract: This paper presented motion responses of the floating VAWT (vertical axis wind turbine) considering the coupling between aerodynamics and hydrodynamics, the method of aerodynamics of fixed VAWT was improved to calculate the aerodynamics of the floating VAWT. The equations of surge, heave and pitch motions of the floating VAWT were established considering the damping forces, wave forces, wind loads, mooring forces, and so on. The formula of wind loads acting on the blades were deduced by the double-multiple-stream tube theory considering the dynamic stall and motions of the floating foundation, and a computing code was developed. Taking the Sandia 17 m wind turbine as an example, the validity of the aerodynamics computing code was verified. The model tests were carried out, where the wind turbine is Φ-Darrieus type and the foundation is truss Spar type. The results obtained by the model tests were compared with those obtained by the numerical simulation, and the coupling computing code was verified.It is found that, the RAO (response amplitude operator) curves of heave and pitch motions of the floating VAWT obtained by numerical calculation agree well with those obtained by model tests, and the validation of the coupling computing code was verified. However, there is difference between the results of numerical calculation and the model tests. This is because the differences between the numerical model and the model tests, mainly regarding the degrees of freedom of the floating VAWT motions, the damping, and the wind forces.
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图 1 风机系统坐标和速度矢量关系图
Figure 1. Coordinate system and vector relation of the wind turbine
表 1 模型参数
Table 1. Parameter of model
表 2 浮式风机阻尼系数
Table 2. Damping coefficient of the floating VAWT
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