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鹅掌楸树叶在风中的变形与振动

邵传平 朱园园

邵传平, 朱园园. 鹅掌楸树叶在风中的变形与振动[J]. 力学学报, 2017, 49(2): 431-440. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-179
引用本文: 邵传平, 朱园园. 鹅掌楸树叶在风中的变形与振动[J]. 力学学报, 2017, 49(2): 431-440. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-179
Shao Chuanping, Zhu Yuanyuan. THE DEFORMATION AND VIBRATION OF TULIP LEAVES IN WIND[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2017, 49(2): 431-440. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-179
Citation: Shao Chuanping, Zhu Yuanyuan. THE DEFORMATION AND VIBRATION OF TULIP LEAVES IN WIND[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2017, 49(2): 431-440. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-179

鹅掌楸树叶在风中的变形与振动

doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-179
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金资助项目 11172286

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    2) 邵传平, 教授, 主要研究方向:流动控制, 植物力学.E-mail:shaocp@cjlu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: V211.74

THE DEFORMATION AND VIBRATION OF TULIP LEAVES IN WIND

  • 摘要: 树叶的空气动力与流固耦合特性研究在树木保护、新发电技术开发、太阳能帆板设计等方面具有重要意义.Vogel首次发现树叶在较高风速下具有形状重构以避免受损害的能力.Vogel实验时叶柄端部是简支的,与叶柄与树枝的自然连接方式不同.在本文的研究中,叶柄端部是固支的,叶片垂直悬挂,正面或反面迎风.在风速0~27 m/s范围内,存在两种叶片静止状态,即飞翼形稳定和锥形稳定;还有3种叶片振动状态,即低频摆动、第1和第2高频振动.这5种状态由5个临界风速决定.通过70余片树叶测试结果的统计,得到了树叶每个状态存在的概率,及每个临界风速的期望值.流动显示发现树叶变形后其尾流中存在旋涡脱落现象.天平测量发现叶片阻力系数随叶片雷诺数的增大而减小并逐渐接近于0.1.引入悬臂梁模型,采用测量的叶片气动力,对叶柄静态弯曲形状进行计算,结果表明当风速由0逐渐增至5 m/s时,叶柄向下游弯曲迅速;但风速由5 m/s进一步增大时,向下游的弯曲则变慢.

     

  • 图  1  鹅掌楸树叶及其叶片与叶柄尺寸

    Figure  1.  Tulip leaf and dimensions of its lamina and petiole

    图  2  所测试树叶叶片面积的概率分布

    Figure  2.  Probability density of lamina area of the tested tulip leaves

    图  3  (a) 叶片悬挂于风洞中, (b) 集中力作用于叶柄悬臂梁模型

    Figure  3.  Sketch of (a) the leaf in wind tunnel, and (b) concentrated aerodynamic load on cantilevered beam model of the petiole

    图  4  叶片反面迎风时其状态随风速的变化

    Figure  4.  The back surface facing the wind: status changes with wind speed

    图  5  两种不同的稳定形状

    Figure  5.  Two types of steady states

    图  6  叶片正面迎风时各临界风速的概率密度

    Figure  6.  Probability densities of the critical wind speeds, with the front leaf surface facing wind

    图  7  反面迎风时树叶的形状、方位及尾流变化侧图

    Figure  7.  Side view of the shape, orientation and wake of the leaf with its back surface fcaing wind

    图  8  在叶柄固定棒下游0.4 m处测量的树叶尾流的横向流动图案

    Figure  8.  Upstream view of the transverse flow 0.4 m downstream of the leaf

    图  9  正面迎风时各叶片阻力系数随雷诺数的变化

    Figure  9.  Drag coefficients of leaves vs Reynolds number, with the front surface facing wind

    图  10  不同树叶的叶片角随风速的变化, 其中叶柄弹性模量E=600 MPa, 叶柄长度和直径因叶柄的不同而变化

    Figure  10.  Change of leaf angle with wind speed, where the petiole elastic modulus E=600 MPa, the petiole length and diameter vary with the difference of petiole

    图  11  叶柄弯曲程度随风速的变化, 其中叶柄弹性模量 $E=600$ MPa, 叶柄长 $\ell=0.12$ m, 叶柄平均直径 $d=1.8$ mm

    Figure  11.  Change of a petiole bending with wind speeds, where the petiole elastic modulus $E=600$ MPa, the petiole length $\ell=0.12$ m, and the averaged petiole diameter $d=1.8$ mm

    表  1  正面F和反面B迎风时各临界风速存在的概率

    Table  1.   Probability of existence of each critical wind speed, F-front surface facing wind, B-back surface facing wind

    表  2  正面F和反面B迎风时各状态存在的概率

    Table  2.   Probability of existence of each status, F-front surface facing wind, B-back surface facing wind

    表  3  正面F和反面B迎风时各临界风速期望值

    Table  3.   Expected values of each critical wind speed F-front surface facing wind, B-back surface facing wind

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2016-06-30
  • 网络出版日期:  2016-12-27
  • 刊出日期:  2017-03-18

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