ANALYSIS OF CHEST INJURY IN FRONTAL IMPACT VIA FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING BASED ON BIOMECHANICAL EXPERIMENT
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摘要: 安全带的逐步使用极大地提高了车内乘员的安全性，但最近的交通事故研究表明，在正面碰撞工况下，乘员胸部损伤的防护效率还需要进一步提升.利用已验证生物逼真度的人体有限元模型和PMHS（post mortem human subjects）实验结果，建立配有安全带的乘员有限元分析模型，研究在不同碰撞工况下安全带定位设计参数对胸部变形量和肋骨应力应变响应等损伤相关物理参数的影响，并提出在安全设计中为改进防护效率，有效减少胸部损伤风险的一种虚拟试验方法.参考PMHS实验，基于全球人体有限元模型建立了一个基准佩带有限元人体模型，结合实验中测试的运动学响应、安全带的拉伸力和胸部变形量指标验证其生物逼真度.通过参数分析研究正面碰撞中安全带高度位置、安全带角度和碰撞速度对乘员胸部损伤的影响.结果表明胸廓应力应变分布及胸部变形量对安全带的高度位置更加敏感，基于安全带设计参数变化预测的胸部变形量宏观指标和应力应变的微观指标的变化趋势一致.对乘员安全带相关的胸部损伤研究提供虚拟设计分析方法，相关胸部损伤机理的研究结果可为今后约束系统的优化设计提供参考.Abstract: The usage of the seatbelt as a part of the vehicle protection system has immensely promoted occupant safety.However, recent accident investigation shows that it is necessary to increase the chest injury protective efficiency in frontal impact condition.This study aims to investigate the influence of seatbelt system design variables on occupant chest injury related physical parameters at varying impact conditions, especially concerning with the chest deflection and distribution of rib stress/strain.The study is conducted by using human body FE model in combination with post mortem human subjects tests.An FE model of the belted occupant is therefore established by using a baseline human body FE model (GHBMC), which is validated according to detailed experimental data regarding kinematics, seatbelt force and chest deflection.A parameter study is implemented in terms of seatbelt position, seatbelt angle and impact speed to determine the influence of seatbelt utilization on occupant thoracic injury in frontal impact.The results show that the influence of seatbelt position on chest deflection and distribution of rib stress/strain is greater than that of the seatbelt angle.Meanwhile, the trends of chest deflections are the same with the trends of the rib stress/strain responses while the changes of seatbelt design variables.This study provides a virtual test method on investigation of the chest injury biomechanics related to the seatbelt design variables.Furthermore, the results from this study of chest injury mechanism will also provide a reference for optimizing of the occupant restraint system.
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Key words:
- seatbelt /
- chest deflection /
- human body FE model /
- frontal impact /
- distribution of stress/strain
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图 1 载荷条件(a)，包含标志点信息的实验侧视图(b) 和包含定位角 度信息的有限元模型侧视图(c)
Figure 1. Impact pulse (a), side view of the reference frontal experiment with marks (b) and FE model with reference position angles (c)
图 2 胸腔测量点与安全带相对关系(左上UL，右上UR， 左下LL，右下LR)
Figure 2. Relative position between chest measuring point and seatbelt (upper left (UL)，upper right (UR)，lower left (LL)，lower right (LR))
图 5 基准有限元模型胸部峰值变形量的验证(橙色点为仿真值)
Figure 5. Chest deflection validation of baseline FE model
图 7 研究参数对四测量点胸部峰值变形量结果的影响 (+ 扩展，- 压缩)
Figure 7. Peak chest deflection (+extension, -compression) sensitivity with study parameters
图 8 胸廓应力，应变分布示意(40 km/h，@115 ms)
Figure 8. Schematic of the ribcage stress and strain distribution (40 km/h， @115 ms)
表 1 胸部骨骼和主要器官材料的基本参数
Table 1. Material parameters of the bones and main organs in the chest
表 2 基于3 个研究参数的胸部损伤实验设计矩阵
Table 2. Chest injury DOE simulation matrix based on three study parameters
表 3 随安全带变化的胸腔应力应变极值情况(40 km/h, @115 ms)
Table 3. The peak value of ribcage strain and stress with the change of seatbelt parameters (40 km/h, @ 115 ms)
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