海上浮油定位浮标的力学分析与尺寸优化

赵海峰; 石俊; 王斌斌

doi:10.6052/0459-1879-15-147

海上浮油定位浮标的力学分析与尺寸优化

1.
中国石油大学北京石油工程学院, 北京 102249
2. 中国石化工程建设有限公司, 北京 100101

基金项目: 中国石油大学(北京)科研基金资助项目(ZX20150191).

详细信息

通讯作者:
赵海峰,副教授,主要研究方向:岩石力学与海洋工程力学.E-mail:zhaohf@cup.edu.cn.

中图分类号: O39
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-04-26
- 修回日期: 2015-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2016-01-17

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS AND SIZING OPTIMIZATION OF OFFSHORE OIL SLICK TRACKING BUOY

1.
School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
2. Sinopec Engineering Incorporation, Beijing 100101, China

摘要

摘要: 海面发生原油泄漏后,采用海上浮油跟踪定位浮标锁定油污飘逸轨迹,实现对溢油的跟踪定位. 定位浮标的定位能力受到浮标内部的吸油材料对原油的吸附能力以及海洋风的影响,吸附能力越强则定位浮标与油污结合越紧密,定位效果越好. 首先,从吸油材料受力分析出发,通过室内实验,采用杠杆放大原理对吸油材料受到的风载荷进行测量,并研究风载荷随着吸油圆盘直径的变化趋势,得到了风载荷随着圆盘直径的增大呈线性增大;对吸油材料受到的黏附力随着吸油圆盘直径的变化趋势进行研究,表明黏附力与圆盘直径呈二次方程关系,随着圆盘直径的增大,黏附力会急剧增大. 其次,对黏附力的组成进行分析,研究认为黏附力由分子间作用力、液体表面张力及剪切黏性力组成,对这3 种作用力的大小进行测量计算对比,发现分子间作用力为主要作用力,液体表面张力及剪切黏性力比分子间作用力低1~2 个数量级. 最后,基于浮标正常工作时黏附力应该大于风载荷的原则,将实验得到的风载荷和黏附力随着圆盘直径变化规律推广到大风速和大圆盘直径下,研究了恶劣海况条件下圆盘直径变化对浮标受力的影响,得到了适应恶劣海况条件的圆盘最小直径为38 cm.
- 吸油材料 /
- 黏附力 /
- 风载荷 /
- 剪切黏性力 /
- 圆盘直径
Abstract: O shore oil slick tracking buoy can be used to lock and locate oil trajectory when oil spill occurs. The adsorption capacity of oil-absorbing material inside buoy and the ocean winds has a great influence on positioning capability of buoy. The stronger adsorption capacity, the more closely integrated with oil and better positioned. First, from the analysis of oil- absorbing material stress, this paper measures the wind load of oil- absorbing material by using the principle of lever amplification in laboratory, and studies the variation trend of wind load along with disc diameter. The result is that wind load increases linearly along with increasing disc diameter. The study on adhesion of material along with increasing disc diameter indicates that adhesion has quadratic relations with the disc diameter. With the increase of disc diameter, the adhesion increases sharply. Second, studies suggest that adhesion should be composed of intermolecular force, surface tension and viscosity shear force. Intermolecular force is the main force, and surface tension and viscosity shear force is less than intermolecular forces from 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. Finally, based on the principle that adhesion force should be stronger than wind loads when buoy is working properly, the law of wind and adhesion force along with increasing disc diameter based on the experiment is extended to the large wind speed and large disc diameter. This paper studied the influence on changing diameter on force state of disc under bad sea conditions. The result is that the minimum disc diameter, adapted to the harsh sea conditions, is 38 cm.
- oil-absorbing material /
- adhesion /
- wind load /
- viscous shear force /
- disc diameter

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