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中文核心期刊

超低摩擦型冲击地压前兆特征及煤岩界面属性影响研究

Study on the precursor characteristics of ultra-low friction-typed rockburst and the influence of coal-rock interface properties

  • 摘要: 超低摩擦效应易使煤岩界面处发生侧向滑移,诱发严重的冲击地压事故. 为了揭示超低摩擦效应诱发冲击地压机理,以煤岩组合结构为研究对象,采用自行研制的超低摩擦试验装置,应用高速相机、声发射等监测设备,基于实验室角度复现了静、动载组合扰动下煤层断裂及超低摩擦滑移失稳诱发冲击地压过程. 并以煤岩界面粗糙度、夹层含水率、夹层厚度为变量,应力、位移、声发射信号为分析指标,研究了煤岩及巷道动态破坏特征. 结果表明:(1) 超低摩擦型冲击地压发生过程呈现初始、预滑移、动滑移、滑移终止四个阶段性变化特征,其中,预滑移阶段是煤层临近断裂与滑移前的微小滑动阶段,预示着煤岩体已进入不稳定阶段;动滑移阶段是煤层发生断裂时的剧烈滑动,伴随着较大能量释放和明显的超低摩擦现象. (2) 煤岩界面属性对超低摩擦型冲击地压具有重要影响,煤岩界面粗糙度越小,或夹层含水率越大,或夹层厚度越大,煤层滑移启动水平应力临界值越小,煤层滑移量越大,巷道挤压破坏越严重,超低摩擦型冲击地压强度越大. (3) 不同煤岩界面属性下,预滑移时间具有明显规律性变化特征,可作为超低摩擦型冲击地压事故滑移预警时间指标. (4) 根据声发射前兆信号,给出了超低摩擦型冲击地压风险预测方法,并将超低摩擦型冲击地压风险划分为:无、低、高风险区. 研究结果对冲击地压的预测和防治具有重要意义.

     

    Abstract: The ultra-low friction effect tends to cause lateral slip at the coal-rock surface, which induces serious rockburst accidents. To reveal the occurrence mechanism of rockburst induced by ultra-low friction effect, a coal-rock composite structure was investigated as the research object, a self-developed ultra-low friction test device was used, and high-speed cameras, acoustic emission monitoring equipment were applied, the whole process of rockburst induced by coal seam fracture and ultra-low friction slip instability under the combined disturbance of static and dynamic loads was reproduced in laboratory tests. With the coal-rock interface roughness, the moisture content of interlayer, and the thickness of interlayer as variables, and the stress, displacement, velocity, and acoustic emission energy as analytical indicators, the dynamic failure characteristics of coal-rock and roadway were studied. The results show that : (1) The occurrence process of ultra-low friction-typed rockburst shows four stages characterized by initial stage, pre-slip stage, dynamic slip stage, and slip termination stage. Among these, the pre-slip stage is a small sliding stage before the coal seam approaches the fracture and slip, indicating that the coal-rock system has entered an unstable stage; The dynamic slip stage is the violent sliding that occurs when the fracture of coal seams, accompanied by large energy release and obvious ultra-low friction phenomena. (2) The coal-rock interface properties have an important influence on the ultra-low friction rockburst. The smaller the roughness of the coal-rock interface, or the greater the water content of the interlayer, or the greater the thickness of the interlayer, the smaller the critical value of the horizontal stress of the coal seam

     

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