Abstract: The failure process of carbon fiber structures exhibits ductile-brittle and catastrophic characteristics, while the failure mechanisms demonstrate diversity and complexity, making strength research critically important. In view of the theoretical advantages of peridynamics (PD) in fracture and damage research, this paper proposes a novel peridynamic-rod (PDROD) model for composite materials. In this model, the mechanical responses of the fiber bundles and the resin matrix are represented by rod elements and a PD model, while a new constitutive law for the fiber/matrix interface is developed. Compared with conventional PD model, the PDROD framework offers two primary advantages: 1. The numerical model provides flexible adjustment of the fiber volume fraction; 2. It accurately captures the debonding mode at the fiber/matrix interface. As a result, the PDROD model is particularly suitable for the development and damage evaluation of high-performance composites, and serves a critical function in controlling fiber volume fraction and characterizing interfacial toughening behavior during prepreg fabrication. In the numerical analysis, this paper systematically investigates the static mechanical response of the composite material at fiber volume fractions of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60%. The results demonstrate that the PDROD model effectively characterizes the mechanical properties of anisotropic materials. Additionally, the progressive damage analysis of composites demonstrates that the proposed computational framework effectively captures the fiber