Abstract: The study of rock-breaking forces of disc cutters in Full Face Rock Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) has been a hot topic in the field. However, current research on the rock-breaking forces of disc cutters primarily relies on indoor cutting tests and numerical simulations, with most findings being empirical models that fail to comprehensively reflect the impact of uneven wear of disc cutters on rock-breaking forces in actual engineering projects. Based on this, this paper, employing elastoplastic mechanics theory combined with numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, reveals the "plastic-brittle" characteristics of rocks under the action of disc cutters. It derives and establishes theoretical equations for the vertical and rolling forces of worn disc cutters in rock breaking, with a verified error of less than 4%. Using ABAQUS software, a numerical model for rock breaking by unevenly worn disc cutters was developed, and a comparative study was conducted on the rock-breaking forces and specific energy ?of unevenly worn disc cutters. For the first time, the rock-breaking process of unevenly worn disc cutters was divided into three stages: acceptable non-cooperative rock breaking, transitional non-cooperative rock breaking, and unacceptable non-cooperative rock breaking. A predictive theory for the specific energy of unevenly worn disc cutters at different installation radii was established, with a maximum verified error of 6.5%, and a non-cooperative rock-breaking index η for unevenly worn disc cutters was defined. The research results indicate that the rock-breaking forces of unevenly worn disc cutters increase with the amount of wear, and the specific energy increases with both the amount of wear and the installation radius, showing a clear interval effect. This study provides valuable references and insights for TBM tool replacement and the prediction of rock-breaking forces and specific energy of unevenly worn disc cutters.