Abstract: High-pressure capturing wing (HCW) configuration is a novel and promising wide-speed-range aerodynamic layout with considerable application potential, and its airfoil design is crucial for enhancing wide-speed-range aerodynamic performance. The flow field structure of this configuration differs significantly from that of conventional configurations, and the airfoil characteristics suitable for wide-speed-range flight remain unclear. This paper proposes an airfoil parameterization method based on hierarchical geometric decomposition, which can efficiently and accurately describe the airfoil shape using a small number of physically meaningful parameters. On this basis, a new wide-speed-range optimized airfoil, designated HCW-A04, is obtained for the single-wing HCW configuration by employing surrogate-based optimization. This airfoil exhibits distinctive geometric features: a sharp leading edge and blunt trailing edge, an upward-cambered and flat lower surface, and a thicker upper side and thinner lower side. Compared with a double-arc airfoil, HCW-A04 increases the subsonic lift coefficient of the aircraft by approximately 22.1% and the transonic lift-to-drag ratio by approximately 110.6%, while the hypersonic lift-to-drag ratio decreases by only 1.7%, resulting in significantly improved wide-speed-range aerodynamic performance. The aerodynamic gain mechanism of the HCW-A04 airfoil is as follows: the pronounced convex feature on the rear portion of the upper surface induces flow acceleration under subsonic and transonic conditions, yielding a substantial lift enhancement with negligible adverse effects on hypersonic performance; the upward-biased thickness distribution effectively alleviates the detrimental interference between the capturing wing (CW) and the fuselage at subsonic and transonic speeds; and the combination of a slightly convex midsection and a concave rear section on the lower surface improves the pressure distribution on the lower surface of the CW, further optimizing the overall wide-speed-range aerodynamic characteristics. The HCW-A04 airfoil can effectively balance subsonic, transonic, and hypersonic aerodynamic performance, thereby providing a highly promising and practically viable approach for the wide-speed-range airfoil design of HCW configurations.