高压捕获翼构型高超声速气动力分区建模方法
ZONAL MODELING OF HYPERSONIC AERODYNAMIC FORCES FOR HIGH-PRESSURE CAPTURING WING CONFIGURATIONS
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摘要: 高压捕获翼构型的外形优化与气动力高效预测是提升其综合性能的关键. 针对高超声速工况下捕获翼下表面的复杂流动, 现有方法能实现特定气动外形的快速预测, 但在基准外形确定与整机气动力建模方面仍面临挑战. 捕获翼外形确定需兼顾高压区有效覆盖与低压区合理剔除, 亟需一种能够同时处理外形生成与气动力快速预测的建模策略. 鉴于此, 本文提出了一种高超声速气动力分区建模方法. 该方法首先依据下表面压强分布特征, 生成能有效捕获高压区并去除低压区的基准外形, 解决了外形确定依赖经验的难题. 继而, 将整机分解为捕获翼上表面、下表面及机体三个区域, 采用代理模型、参考温度法等方法, 实施分区建模, 通过各区域气动力叠加实现整机快速预测. 对典型构型的验证结果表明, 在不同几何参数与来流条件下, 该方法预测的整机升力系数与数值计算结果相比误差不超过2.3%, 阻力系数误差不超过4.0%, 升阻比误差不超过5.0%. 该方法在实现整机气动力准确预测的同时, 计算耗时较数值仿真降低约三个数量级, 为高压捕获翼构型的工程优化设计提供了有效支撑.Abstract: Shape optimization and efficient aerodynamic prediction are crucial for enhancing the overall performance of high-pressure capturing wing (HCW) configurations. Although existing methods can achieve rapid aerodynamic prediction for specific configurations in hypersonic flows over the capturing wing’s lower surface, challenges remain in determining the baseline shape and modeling the aerodynamic forces of the entire vehicle. The determination of the baseline shape must balance effective coverage of the high-pressure region with proper removal of the low-pressure region, thus necessitating a modeling strategy that can simultaneously handle shape generation and rapid aerodynamic force prediction. To address these issues, this paper proposes a zonal modeling method for hypersonic aerodynamic forces. Based on the pressure distribution on the lower surface, the method first generates a baseline capturing wing shape that effectively captures the high-pressure region while removing the low-pressure region, thereby overcoming the reliance on empirical design. Subsequently, the entire vehicle is decomposed into three zones consisting of the upper surface of the capturing wing, the lower surface, and the body, and zonal modeling is performed using techniques such as surrogate models and the reference temperature method. The total aerodynamic forces are obtained by superimposing the contributions from each zone. Validation against typical configurations shows that, under various geometric parameters and inflow conditions, the predicted lift coefficient of the entire vehicle deviates from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results by no more than 2.3%, the drag coefficient error is within 4.0%, and the lift-to-drag ratio error is within 5.0%. While enabling accurate prediction of whole-vehicle aerodynamic forces, the proposed method reduces the computational time by approximately three orders of magnitude compared with numerical simulations, thereby providing an effective tool for the engineering optimization of high-pressure capturing wing configurations.
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