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中文核心期刊

高温非平衡条件下氧分子解离动力学机制

Dissociation Kinetics of Oxygen Molecules under High-Temperature Nonequilibrium Conditions

  • 摘要: 在高超声速流动等热化学非平衡气动环境的数值模拟中, 经典双温模型通常假设平动-转动自由度处于热平衡, 并对振动温度贡献赋予固定权重因子以描述非平衡离解速率, 但该类经验处理缺乏微观动力学层面的严格检验. 本文以O + O2碰撞解离体系为研究对象, 旨在从态-态动力学角度定量揭示转动与振动非平衡对解离机制的影响及其温度依赖特征. 基于准经典轨线方法与高斯过程回归-神经网络(GPR-NN)混合模型构建态分辨动力学数据库, 从微观能量分布与通量结构出发揭示非平衡动力学机制. 结果表明, 在假设振动温度与平动温度相等的条件下, 解离速率对转动温度偏离的敏感性随温度升高显著衰减; 振动非平衡通过调控高振动态布居对解离通量产生非线性放大作用, 并形成由微观速率与布居概率竞争决定的非单调分布结构. 同时, 解离机制随温度升高由振动主导向平动主导转变, 主导振动能级呈非连续跃迁特征. 在本文考察的4000-20000 K的高温范围内, 转动非平衡可近似忽略, 而振动非平衡对解离动力学具有显著且非线性影响, 传统双温模型难以刻画该机制转变. 本文结果为高温非平衡解离动力学模型的构建与修正提供了参考.

     

    Abstract: In hypersonic and other thermochemical nonequilibrium aerodynamic environments, conventional two-temperature models typically assume translational-rotational equilibrium and assign a fixed weighting to the vibrational temperature to describe nonequilibrium dissociation rates, but such empirical treatments lack rigorous validation at the microscopic kinetic level. In this work, the O + O2 collision induced dissociation system is investigated to quantitatively elucidate the effects of rotational and vibrational nonequilibrium on dissociation mechanisms and their temperature dependence from the state-to-state perspective. A state-resolved kinetic database is constructed using the quasi-classical trajectory method in combination with a hybrid Gaussian process regression-neural network (GPR-NN) model. Based on this database, nonequilibrium effects are analyzed in terms of microscopic energy distribution and flux contribution structures to reveal the underlying nonequilibrium kinetic mechanisms. The results show that, assuming the vibrational temperature equals the translational temperature, the sensitivity of the dissociation rate to rotational temperature deviation decreases significantly with increasing temperature. Furthermore, vibrational nonequilibrium is found to induce a nonlinear amplification of the dissociation flux by enhancing the population of highly excited vibrational states, leading to a non-monotonic contribution structure governed by the competition between state specific reaction rates and population probabilities. Meanwhile, the dissociation mechanism gradually shifts from a vibration-dominated regime to a translation-dominated regime with increasing temperature, accompanied by a non-continuous transition of the dominant vibrational level. In the investigated high-temperature range from 4000 to 20000 K, rotational nonequilibrium can be reasonably neglected, whereas vibrational nonequilibrium exerts a significant and nonlinear influence on dissociation kinetics, and conventional two-temperature models are inadequate to capture such mechanism transition. Conventional two-temperature models with fixed weighting factors are inadequate to capture such transitions and may overestimate vibrational effects under strong nonequilibrium conditions. The present study provides a useful reference for the development and improvement of nonequilibrium chemical kinetic models for high-temperature dissociation processes.

     

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