基于双向弹射机制的下肢关节低频能量高效收集研究
RESEARCH ON HIGH-EFFICIENCY LOW-FREQUENCY ENERGY HARVESTING OF LOWER LIMB JOINTS BASED ON BIDIRECTIONAL EJECTION MECHANISM
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摘要: 人体下肢运动依赖大肌肉群做功, 蕴含丰富的生物机械能, 将该类能量高效地转化为电能, 是解决可穿戴设备持续供能的有效技术途径, 但下肢运动呈现低频、非稳态摆动特性, 严重制约了机械能向电能的转化效率. 因此, 如何将关节摆动高效地转化为电磁式俘能器的单向高速转动, 成为提升下肢生物机械能量收集效率的关键技术. 受指尖弹珠弹射游戏的启发, 本研究提出了一种在棘轮机构上集成双向弹射单元的绳驱电磁式俘能器. 该俘能器利用凸轮驱动滚珠, 拉伸连接于棘爪上的弹性绳积蓄弹性势能, 借助预置的滑道缺口实现双向瞬时弹射, 无需额外齿轮组升频机构, 即可实现全周期双向蓄能与弹射升频的一体化功能. 实验结果表明, 在0.5 ~ 2 Hz的下肢典型运动频率范围内, 搭载双向弹射单元的俘能器, 其输出电压和功率范围分别为3.31 ~ 5.15 V和287 ~ 697 mW; 相较于无弹射单元俘能器, 其输出功率提升至4.7 ~ 57倍, 且频率越低, 功率提升倍数越显著. 本研究提出的双向弹射机制, 不仅简化了电磁式俘能器的升频结构、降低了设备体积与重量, 实现了下肢低频运动向俘能器高频旋转发电的转化, 提升了能量收集效率, 为可穿戴电子设备提供了一种高效、便携、可持续的能量供给解决方案.Abstract: Human lower-limb motion generates work relying on large muscle groups and contains abundant bio-mechanical energy. Efficient conversion of such energy into electrical energy is an effective technical approach to solving the problem of sustainable energy supply for wearable devices. However, the low frequency and unsteady oscillatory characteristics of lower-limb motion severely restrict the conversion efficiency from mechanical energy to electrical energy. Therefore, how to efficiently convert joint swing into unidirectional high-speed rotation of electromagnetic energy harvester (EMH) has become a key technology for improving the collection efficiency of lower-limb bio-mechanical energy. Inspired by the finger marble ejection game, this study proposes a cable-driven EMH integrated with a bidirectional ejection (BE) unit on a ratchet mechanism. The energy harvester employs the cam to drive steel balls, which stretch the elastic cables connected to the pawls for elastic potential energy storage, and achieves bidirectional instantaneous ejection through the preset slideway notches. Without an additional gear set frequency-up-conversion mechanism, it can realize the integrated function of bidirectional energy storage and ejection frequency-up throughout the full cycle. Experimental results show that within the typical lower-limb motion frequency range of 0.5 ~ 2 Hz, the output voltage and power ranges of the EMH with the BE unit are 3.31 ~ 5.15 V and 287 ~ 697 mW, respectively. Compared with the EMH without the BE unit, its output power is increased to 4.7 ~ 57 times, and the lower the frequency, the more significant the power increase multiple. The BE mechanism proposed in this study not only simplifies the up-frequency structure of the EMH and reduces the volume and weight of the device, but also realizes the conversion from low-frequency lower-limb motion to high-frequency rotational power generation of the EMH, improves the collection efficiency of bio-mechanical energy, and provides an efficient, portable and sustainable energy supply solution for wearable electronic devices.
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