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基于飞秒激光电子激发标记(FLEET)的高超声速自由流速度测量

HYPERSONIC FREESTREAM VELOCIMETRY USING FEMTOSECOND LASER ELECTRON EXCITATION TAGGING (FLEET)

  • 摘要: 地面风洞实验是研究高超声速流动特性的重要手段, 精细化的速度表征有助于深入理解复杂流动现象并验证数值计算结果. 相较于其他分子标记测速技术, 飞秒激光电子激发标记(femtosecond laser electron excitation tagging, FLEET)以空气中的N2为示踪粒子, 显著降低了实验设计的复杂度. 以往研究主要针对纯N2环境下的FLEET速度测量, 而O2的存在会大幅缩短FLEET信号的有效寿命, 此外, 基于大尺度风洞的弱聚焦会进一步降低FLEET图像信噪比, 从而影响速度测量精度. 本研究依托JF-8A高超声速风洞, 以空气为流动介质开展高超声速(Ma 6.5)自由流速度测量. 静态实验表明, 相较于纯N2条件下的长寿命FLEET信号, 聚焦区域内的O2分子和O原子会显著缩短FLEET信号的有效寿命, 同时导致标记线随延迟时间增加而逐渐展宽. 激波风洞和炮风洞两种运行模式下获得的FLEET荧光标记线相比于参考时刻同样出现了展宽现象. 重复性实验得到的自由流平均速度分别为1045.2和995.2 m/s, 对应2σ标准差分别为1.98和1.77 m/s. 本研究结果表明FLEET技术适用于强猝灭环境以及弱聚焦条件下的高精度速度测量, 为基于大尺度风洞和含N2组分的气流介质的速度测量提供了有效手段.

     

    Abstract: Ground-based wind tunnel experiments serve as a crucial tool for examining the characteristics of hypersonic flows, with precise velocity characterizations assisting in understanding complex flow phenomena and validating numerical results. Compared to other molecular tagging velocimetry techniques, femtosecond laser electron excitation tagging (FLEET) employs N2 as a tracer, thereby significantly simplifying the experimental design. Previous researches have been primarily focused on velocity measurements using pure N2 flows. However, the presence of O2 would markedly reduce the effective lifetime of FLEET signals. In addition, weak focusing can further decrease the signal-to-noise ratios of FLEET images, potentially impacting the accuracy of velocity measurements. The objective of this work is to conduct hypersonic (Ma 6.5) freestream velocimetry in the JF-8A hypersonic wind tunnel using air as the flow medium. Static experiments indicate that the presence of O2 molecules and O atoms significantly reduces the lifetime of the FLEET signal compared to its longevity under pure N2 conditions. Concurrently, the tagged lines broaden as the delay time increases. A similar phenomenon is observed for FLEET tagged lines under shock tunnel and gun operation modes. The measured freestream mean velocities are 1045.2 and 995.2 m/s, with 2σ standard deviations of 1.98 and 1.77 m/s, respectively. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of FLEET in velocity measurements under conditions of strong collisional quenching environments and weak focusing. They also provide an effective method for velocimetry in large-scale wind tunnels and N2-containing flows.

     

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