宽域乘波翼身融合布局设计与优化研究
DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF WIDE-SPEED WAVERIDER-BASED BLENDED WING-BODY CONFIGURATION
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摘要: 宽域高超声速飞行器是当前世界航空航天强国抢占制高点的重点方向. 宽域乘波翼身融合布局能够同时具备较好的高超声速乘波特性和低速机翼环量/涡升力特性, 可以有效缓解高低速气动设计的矛盾. 针对宽域乘波翼身融合布局的设计与优化问题, 提出了一种基于乘波体流线追踪和CST方法的全参数化几何表征方法, 并构建了一种适用于亚声速、超声速和高超声速的宽域气动力模型, 可以高效可靠评估该类布局的宽域气动特性. 通过遗传算法优化框架, 开展了面向不同约束和目标的宽域乘波翼身融合布局优化研究, 包括高超声速单点优化、超-高超声速多点加权优化及亚声速升力约束下的宽域多点优化. 优化结果表明, 通过增加乘波前体长度占比, 可以提升乘波前体的设计点升阻比, 进而有效提升高超声速最优布局的升阻比, 但超声速最大升阻比会显著降低; 超-高超声速多点优化的加权权重分配直接影响最优布局特征, 高超声速升阻比权重系数越小, 机翼占比越大而乘波前体占比越小, 相比高超声速最优布局, 超声速最优布局的高超声速升阻比降低12.30%, 但超声速升阻比提高34.40%; 引入亚声速大攻角升力约束后, 优化布局在亚声速升力提高24.60%的同时, 高超声速设计升阻比提升2.76%, 而超声速设计升阻比降低8.39%.Abstract: Wide-speed hypersonic vehicles are a key focus for major global aerospace powers to gain a strategic advantage. The wide-speed waverider-based blended wing-body configuration can simultaneously achieve excellent hypersonic waveridering characteristics and low-speed wing circulation/vortex lift properties, effectively mitigating the contradictions in aerodynamic design between high and low speeds. To address the design and optimization of this configuration, a fully parameterized geometric characterization method based on streamline tracing of the waverider and the class-shape transformation (CST) method is proposed. Additionally, a wide-speed aerodynamic model applicable to subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic regimes is developed, enabling efficient and reliable evaluation of the aerodynamic characteristics of this configuration across a wide speed range. Using a genetic algorithm optimization framework, optimization studies are conducted for various constraints and objectives, including single-point hypersonic optimization, multi-point weighted optimized for supersonic and hypersonic conditions and subsonic lift-constrained multi-point weighted optimized for supersonic and hypersonic conditions. The results show that increasing the proportion of the waverider forebody length significantly enhances the lift-to-drag ratio of the hypersonic optimal configuration. The weight distribution in multi-point optimization for supersonic and hypersonic conditions directly affects the configuration characteristics: the larger the hypersonic lift-to-drag ratio weight coefficient, the longer and wider the waverider forebody and the narrower the wing. Compared to the hypersonic optimal configuration, the supersonic optimal configuration exhibits a 12.30% reduction in hypersonic lift-to-drag ratio but a 34.40% increase in supersonic lift-to-drag ratio. Introducing a subsonic high-angle-of-attack lift constraint improves the subsonic lift by 24.60% while improving the hypersonic design lift-to-drag ratio by 2.76% and reducing the supersonic design lift-to-drag ratio by 8.39%.
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