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中文核心期刊

多稳态剪纸设计与力学研究进展

ADVANCES IN DESIGN AND MECHANICS OF MULTISTABLE KIRIGAMI

  • 摘要: 剪纸不仅是一项古老的艺术形式, 也为当代工程应用提供了丰富的灵感启发. 剪纸是一种在二维平面上引入了切口的等/减材成形方法, 切口几何特征扩展了材料的力学延展性, 也为平面材料赋予了二维到三维的构型变化能力, 获得了力学层面的刚度、柔度和自由度的转变. 根据柔顺机构学的力学分析方法, 剪纸切口可分为分布柔度设计与集中柔度设计, 通过科学设计切口的柔顺性, 剪纸具有了多稳态的特征, 实现可重构、可变胞、自组装和自保持等功能. 多稳态剪纸属于典型的多学科交叉和多维度设计的研究范畴, 涵盖了固体力学、机构学、人工智能与超材料等知识前沿, 也可应用于空间可展结构、柔性电子、软体机器人和微纳器件等工程领域. 本文重点回顾了多稳态剪纸的典型设计, 阐明了其中的力学与柔顺机构学原理, 归纳了常见多稳态剪纸的几何拓扑, 介绍了以多稳态剪纸为核心的力学超材料及机器学习方法在其力学特性逆向设计中的应用, 在此基础上总结了基于剪纸的智能器件的设计拓展, 最后对未来的发展趋势进行了展望, 旨在为多稳态剪纸的设计提升与应用拓宽提供新的思路.

     

    Abstract: Kirigami, an ancient art form originating from East Asian traditions, involves subtractive manufacturing or additive manufacturing through strategic cuts in a two-dimensional plane. Historically, kirigami has been used for decorative and ceremonial purposes, but it has evolved into a significant source of inspiration for modern engineering. These precise cuts not only enhance the material’s mechanical ductility but also enable transformative capabilities, allowing materials to shift from two-dimensional to three-dimensional configurations. This geometric manipulation facilitates controlled changes in stiffness, flexibility, and degrees of freedom at a mechanical level, making kirigami a versatile tool for engineering design. Based on the mechanical analysis method of compliant mechanisms, kirigami cuts can be categorized into two primary types: distributed compliance designs and lumped compliance designs. By meticulously engineering the compliance of these cuts, kirigami structures can achieve multistability, thereby enabling functionalities such as reconfigurability, variable cellular structures, self-assembly, and self-locking. As a result, multistable kirigami constitutes a multidisciplinary research area requiring multi-dimensional design approaches that draw upon knowledge from solid mechanics, mechanism science, artificial intelligence, and metamaterials. Its applications are vast and diverse; spanning fields such as space-expandable structures, flexible electronics, soft robotics, and micro/nano devices. This paper provides a comprehensive review of typical design methodologies for multistable kirigami by elucidating the underlying principles of mechanics and compliant mechanisms while summarizing the common geometric topologies of multistable kirigami structures. It also introduces the kirigami-based mechanical metamaterials and highlights the role of machine learning in the inverse design of their mechanical properties. Machine learning algorithms can optimize the geometric parameters of kirigami cuts to achieve desired mechanical behaviors, such as specific force-displacement responses or configurations. Furthermore, the paper concludes with an exploration of the design extensions of kirigami-inspired intelligent devices and provides an outlook on future development trends, aiming to propose novel ideas to improve the design and broaden the applications of multistable kirigami.

     

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