数字孪生驱动的城轨车辆受电弓滑板磨损预测方法
DIGITAL TWIN-DRIVEN WEAR PREDICTION METHOD FOR PANTOGRAPH STRIP IN URBAN RAIL VEHICLES
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摘要: 针对城轨车辆受电弓滑板磨耗监测中存在的人工检测耗时耗力、图像识别监测方法可靠性低等问题, 以重庆轨道交通1号线的受电弓-接触网系统为研究对象, 提出一种数字孪生驱动的受电弓滑板磨损预测方法. 首先, 构建了受电弓滑板磨损预测数字孪生系统的总体框架, 阐述孪生系统的组成、各部分交互方式, 以及滑板磨损预测流程. 其次, 采用多体动力学法和有限元法建立了城轨车辆弓网耦合系统的刚柔混合动力学模型, 获取弓网之间的动态特性, 构建其代理模型实现轻量化仿真. 再者, 基于粘着磨损理论和电接触理论, 建立了受电弓滑板的磨损率计算公式, 并通过弓网载流摩擦磨损模拟试验对磨损率计算公式完成了参数辨识和计算精度验证. 将动力学代理模型与滑板磨损率计算公式耦合, 建立了考虑弓网动态特性的受电弓滑板磨损轮廓预测模型. 最后, 以实际线路的受电弓滑板为案例, 对实际运行工况下受电弓滑板磨损轮廓进行预测, 并根据受电弓滑板实际磨耗监测数据, 完成对磨损预测模型的结果验证与参数标定, 为实际运营中的受电弓滑板更换维护提供理论指导.Abstract: Aiming at the deficiencies of current monitoring approaches for pantograph strip wear in urban rail vehicles, such as the time-consuming and labor-intensive nature of manual inspection and the low reliability of image recognition-based methods, this study takes the pantograph–catenary system of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 1 as the research object and proposes a novel wear prediction method for pantograph strips driven by digital twin technology. First, the overall framework of the digital twin system for pantograph strip wear prediction is constructed. This framework elaborates in detail the composition of the twin system, the interaction mechanisms among its components, and the step-by-step process of predicting strip wear. Secondly, the rigid-flexible hybrid dynamics model of the urban rail vehicle pantograph-catenary coupling system is established by using the multi-body dynamics method and the finite element method to obtain the dynamic characteristics between the pantograph and catenary, and its surrogate model is established to achieve lightweight simulation. Furthermore, based on adhesive wear theory and electrical contact theory, a mathematical formula for calculating the wear rate of pantograph strips is derived. The parameter identification and calculation accuracy verification of the wear rate calculation formula are completed through current-carrying friction and wear simulation tests for the pantograph-catenary system. By integrating the dynamic surrogate model with the strip wear rate calculation formula, a comprehensive prediction model for pantograph strip wear profile is established. This model takes into full account the dynamic characteristics of the pantograph–catenary system during operation. Finally, taking the pantograph strip on actual lines as a case study, the wear profile of the pantograph strip under actual operating conditions is predicted. According to the actual wear monitoring data of the pantograph strip, the result verification and parameter calibration of the wear prediction model is completed, providing theoretical guidance for the replacement and maintenance of pantograph strips in actual operations.