单级和多级连续恒值准零刚度隔振方法
SINGLE-STAGE AND MULTI-STAGE CONSECUTIVE CONSTANT QUASI-ZERO STIFFNESS FOR VIBRATION ISOLATION AT LOW FREQUENCY
-
摘要: 准零刚度隔振器具有高静态和低动态刚度特性, 在低频隔振领域受到广泛关注. 具有非线性刚度特性的准零刚度隔振器在承载质量变化时, 导致动态刚度增大从而降低低频隔振性能, 不适用于变承载质量隔振工况. 为解决此问题, 采用拉簧和斜杆提出一种具备恒值准零刚度特性的隔振器, 通过静态分析获得的刚度表达式推导出两个准零刚度参数条件, 可实现恒值准零刚度、恒值零刚度或恒力和非线性准零刚度特性; 进而基于恒值准零刚度提出了多级连续恒值准零刚度隔振方法. 采用谐波平衡法和增量谐波平衡法分别对运动方程求解并得到位移传递率. 制作了单级和多级恒值准零刚度实验样机, 开展两种机制的变承载质量隔振实验研究. 第一种为单级恒值准零刚度机制的隔振实验, 适用于小幅变承载质量, 如设计承载质量的10%以内; 第二种为多级连续恒值准零刚度机制的隔振实验, 适用于大幅变承载质量, 如设计承载质量的32%及以上. 两种隔振机制为准零刚度隔振器在变承载质量工况下的应用提供了可行方法.Abstract: Quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) isolators have the feature with high static and low dynamic stiffness and widely been focused in the field of the vibration isolation at low frequency. Isolators with nonlinear QZS can’t be used for the low frequency vibration isolation under variable mass loads because the increased dynamic stiffness caused by mismatched mass load raises the initial frequency of vibration isolation and increases the magnitude of transmissibility. In order to solve this problem and improve the performance of vibration isolation at low frequencies, an isolator has been designed by using tension springs and oblique bars. Two QZS conditions including parameters have been derived on the basis of zero values of the stiffness and its second-order derivative at the static equilibrium position. According to the parameter conditions, constant QZS, constant zero stiffness or constant force, and nonlinear QZS can be realized as any values desired. The vibration isolation method with multi-stage consecutive constant QZS is furtherly proposed based on the constant QZS. The displacement transmissibility has been derived and calculated by employing the harmonic balance method and the incremental harmonic balance method, and shows the same result with each other. Prototypes with single-stage and multi-stage constant QZS have been fabricated to experimentally study the two vibration isolation mechanisms of variable mass loads. The first mechanism is the single-stage constant QZS to successfully isolate vibrations with the small magnitude of variable mass loads, such as 10% variation of the designed mass load. The second mechanism is the multi-stage consecutive constant QZS, which can be applied to variable mass loads with the large magnitude, such as the mass load is 32% variation of the designed value or larger extent. The two mechanisms of the proposed QZS isolators provide practicable approaches for the vibration isolation at low frequencies under variable mass loads.