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中文核心期刊

直升机复杂外形桨叶的模块化多体建模方法

MODULAR MULTI-BODY MODELING METHOD FOR COMPLEX SHAPED BLADES OF HELICOPTERS

  • 摘要: 为改善直升机的飞行性能、降低振动与噪声, 各类复杂外形的桨叶不断涌现, 这种多样性设计对桨叶的统一化建模技术提出了新的挑战. 传统有限元建模方法针对不同的桨叶外形需要重新划分单元, 推导部分数学模型, 导致建模较为复杂. 因此, 为解决不同构型桨叶统一化建模难题, 提出了一种基于模块化思想的多体建模方法. 该方法将桨叶划分为多个模块, 针对非直构型桨叶, 在非直模块转折处施加特定几何约束, 可实现上反、下反及后掠等形态, 从而适用于各种外形桨叶的动力学建模; 此外, 模块化多体建模方式可解耦各模块之间的系数矩阵, 使得模块的增减仅需调整相应位置的矩阵元素即可, 而并不会影响其他模块的动力学方程. 具体地, 首先基于达朗贝尔原理推导各模块的广义惯性力、广义弹性力与广义主动力; 继而根据凯恩方程得到各模块动力学方程; 最后, 通过引入模块间位移协调条件, 可组集获得微分代数方程形式的系统动力学模型. 数值结果表明, 该方法可实现对不同外形桨叶的高精度动力学建模.

     

    Abstract: In order to improve the flight performance of helicopters and reduce vibration and noise, various complex shaped helicopter blades continue to emerge. This diversity of design poses new challenges to the unified modeling technology of helicopter blades. The traditional finite element modeling method requires the subdivision of elements and the derivation of some mathematical models for different blade shapes, resulting in more complex modeling. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of unified modeling of blades with different configurations, a modular based multi-body modeling method is proposed. This method divides the helicopter blade into multiple modules, and applies specific geometric constraints at the turning points of the non straight module for non straight blades. It can achieve shapes such as up reverse, down reverse, and swept, making it suitable for dynamic modeling of various shaped blades; In addition, modular multi-body modeling can decouple the coefficient matrices between modules, so that the addition or removal of modules only requires adjusting the matrix elements at the corresponding positions, without affecting the dynamic equations of other modules. Specifically, based on the D'Alembert principle, the generalized inertial force, generalized elastic force, and generalized active force of each module are derived; Then, based on the Kane equation, the dynamic equations of each module are obtained; Finally, by introducing displacement coordination conditions between modules, a system dynamics model in the form of differential algebraic equations can be obtained. The numerical results indicate that this method can achieve high-precision dynamic modeling of blades with different shapes.

     

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