Abstract: The ultra-low friction effect tends to cause lateral slip at the coal-rock surface, which induces serious rockburst accidents. To reveal the occurrence mechanism of rockburst induced by ultra-low friction effect, a coal-rock composite structure was investigated as the research object, a self-developed ultra-low friction test device was used, and high-speed cameras, acoustic emission monitoring equipment were applied, the whole process of rockburst induced by coal seam fracture and ultra-low friction slip instability under the combined disturbance of static and dynamic loads was reproduced in laboratory tests. With the coal-rock interface roughness, the moisture content of interlayer, and the thickness of interlayer as variables, and the stress, displacement, velocity, and acoustic emission energy as analytical indicators, the dynamic failure characteristics of coal-rock and roadway were studied. The results show that: (1) The occurrence process of ultra-low friction-typed rockburst shows four stages characterized by initial stage, pre-slip stage, dynamic slip stage, and slip termination stage. Among these, the pre-slip stage is a small sliding stage before the coal seam approaches the fracture and slip, indicating that the coal-rock system has entered an unstable stage; The dynamic slip stage is the violent sliding that occurs when the fracture of coal seams, accompanied by large energy release and obvious ultra-low friction phenomena. (2) The coal-rock interface properties have an important influence on the ultra-low friction rockburst. The smaller the roughness of the coal-rock interface, or the greater the water content of the interlayer, or the greater the thickness of the interlayer, the smaller the critical value of the horizontal stress of the coal seam slip start, the greater the amount of coal seam slip, the more serious the roadway extrusion damage, and the greater the strength of the ultra-low friction-typed rockburst. (3) Under different coal-rock interface properties, the pre-slip time exhibits obvious regular variation characteristics, which can be used as the slip warning time index of ultra-low friction-typed rockburst accident. (4) Based on the acoustic emission precursor signals, a risk prediction method for ultra-low friction-typed rockburst is obtained, and the risk of ultra-low friction-typed rockburst is divided into no, low and high risk areas. The research results are of great significance to the prediction and prevention of rockburst.