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激光选区熔化成形多层级Gyroid点阵结构的力学性能研究

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MULTI-LEVEL GYROID LATTICE STRUCTURES FABRICATED BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING

  • 摘要: 三周期极小曲面(TPMS)结构因其优异的力学性能, 在航空航天领域关键零件轻量化方面展现出广阔的应用前景. 为有效增强TPMS结构力学性能及其轻量化程度, 提出一种基于应力场引导的多层级TPMS点阵结构设计优化方法, 设计出多层级Gyroid点阵结构, 采用激光选区熔化技术制备了相应的点阵结构, 并与体积分数相同的初级Ti6Al4V Gyroid点阵结构进行了对比研究. 在此基础上, 通过有限元模拟和压缩试验, 系统研究了多层级Gyroid点阵结构的压缩性能、变形行为和能量吸收性能. 结果显示, 与相同体积分数的初级Gyroid点阵结构相比, 多层级Gyroid点阵结构压缩性能显著提升, 其弹性模量、屈服强度和极限强度分别提高了约 36.52%, 58.55% 和 57.62%, 能量吸收能力提升了约 42.85%. 此外, 与初级Gyroid点阵结构在斜压杆中心区域的45°剪切断裂模式不同, 多层级Gyroid点阵结构初期在填充区域发生层状断裂, 随后在未填充区域的斜压杆中心区域发生45°剪切断裂. 基于 Johnson-Cook 塑性模型和损伤模型所建立的有限元模型能够准确预测多层级Gyroid点阵结构的变形行为和力学性能, 其预测误差在 20% 以内. 文章所设计的多层级Gyroid点阵结构具有优异的力学性能和能量吸收能力, 为航空航天领域高性能轻量化零件优化设计与制造提供了新的思路与技术支持.

     

    Abstract: Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures, owing to their outstanding mechanical properties, have shown significant potential in lightweight design for critical aerospace components. To effectively enhance the mechanical performance and lightweight characteristics of TPMS structures, this study proposes an optimization method for multi-level TPMS lattice structures based on stress field guidance. Specifically, a multi-level Gyroid lattice structure is designed and fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The performance of the multi-level Gyroid lattice is then compared with that of a primary Ti6Al4V Gyroid lattice structure with the same volume fraction. Through finite element simulations and compression tests, the compression behavior, deformation mechanisms, and energy absorption capabilities of the multi-level Gyroid lattice structure are systematically studied. The results indicate that, compared to the primary Gyroid lattice with the same volume fraction, the multi-level Gyroid structure exhibits significant improvements in compression performance. Specifically, its elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate strength are enhanced by approximately 36.52%, 58.55%, and 57.62%, respectively. Moreover, its energy absorption capacity is increased by approximately 42.85%. In terms of failure modes, unlike the primary Gyroid lattice structure, which experiences 45° shear fracture at the center of the inclined compression struts, the multi-level Gyroid lattice initially undergoes layered fracture in the filled regions. Subsequently, a 45° shear fracture occurs in the center of the inclined compression struts in the unfilled regions. The finite element model, based on the Johnson-Cook plasticity and damage models, accurately predicts the deformation behavior and mechanical performance of the multi-level Gyroid lattice structure, with a prediction error within 20%. The multi-level Gyroid lattice structure designed in this study demonstrates superior mechanical properties and energy absorption capabilities, offering new insights and technical support for the design and manufacturing of high-performance lightweight components in aerospace applications. This work presents a novel approach to lattice structure optimization, contributing to the advancement of additive manufacturing techniques and their application in the aerospace industry.

     

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