典型后掠翼构型结冰特性数值模拟
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ICE ACCRETION CHARACTERISTICS ON A TYPICAL SWEPT WING CONFIGURATION
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摘要: 在飞行过程中, 飞机的机翼和发动机进气口等部位会发生危险的结冰现象, 严重危害飞机的飞行安全, 对机翼的结冰过程开展分析研究有利于后续防/除冰工作的开展. 针对后掠翼的结冰问题, 文章基于Navier-Stokes方程和SA湍流模型对空气流场进行求解, 应用欧拉法求解水滴撞击特性, 选择Shallow-Water结冰热力学模型计算翼型上生成的冰形. 在不同结冰工况下, 对比分析平直翼和不同后掠角机翼的结冰特性, 并对45°后掠角机翼上典型“扇贝型”结冰进行数值仿真, 分析其形成机理, 进一步研究后掠翼结冰机理. 之后基于后掠翼构型的结冰特性进一步研究翼身融合布局飞机的结冰问题, 通过数值计算预测翼身融合布局飞机表面冰形的特征, 并将其与传统布局飞机结冰特性进行对比研究. 结果表明, 在同一结冰工况下, 机翼的后掠角不同会影响溢流效应, 导致生成的冰形发生变化. 在“扇贝”冰形成过程中, 受沿展向溢流效应作用, 在后掠翼表面上出现冰体, 突出的冰体拦截进入的水滴使其捕获大量水滴, 产生沿来流方向生长的冰脊, 当沿展向的多个冰脊上积冰量增加, 形成“扇贝型”冰形. 进一步研究发现, 结冰对翼身融合布局飞机气动外形的破坏程度从后掠翼翼根至翼尖逐渐变大, 可为相关的结冰特性研究及防除冰设计提供技术参考.Abstract: During flight, dangerous ice accretion occurs on aircraft components such as wings and engine inlets, posing a serious threat to flight safety. Analyzing and studying the icing process on wings is beneficial for subsequent deicing/anti-icing operations. In studying the icing problem on swept wings, this paper solv es the airflow field using the Navier-Stokes equations and the SA turbulence model, applies the Euler method to simulate the droplet impingement characteristics, and employs the Shallow-Water icing model to calculate the ice formation on airfoil surfaces. Under different icing conditions, a comparative analysis is conducted on the icing characteristics of straight wings and wings with various sweep angles. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the formation mechanism of the typical "scallop" ice on a 45° swept wing, thus further studying the icing mechanism on swept wings. Subsequently, the icing problem of a blended-wing-body aircraft is studied based on the icing characteristics of swept-wing configurations. The numerical calculations predict the characteristics of ice formation on the blended-wing-body aircraft's surface and compare them with those of a conventional layout aircraft to examine the differences in icing characteristics. The results indicate that different sweep angles of wings affect the overflow effect and lead to variations in ice shape under the same icing conditions. During the formation of the "scallop" ice, the ice body is formed on the swept wing surface due to the along-span overflow effect, and the prominent ice body captures a large number of droplets, resulting in the growth of ice ridges in the upstream direction. As the ice accumulation on multiple ice ridges along the span increases, the "scallop" ice is formed. Further research reveals that the severity of icing damage to the aerodynamic shape of the blended-wing-body aircraft increases from the wing root to the wingtip, providing technical references for relevant icing studies and deicing/anti-icing design.