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自击撞击式双组元推进剂雾化过程数值模拟

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ATOMIZATION PROCESS OF SELF-IMPINGEMENT AND IMPINGEMENT BIPROPELLANTS

  • 摘要: 肼类双组元推进剂在卫星和导弹等各类航天器动力系统液体火箭发动机中应用广泛. 为了深入理解自击撞击式肼类双组元推进剂的雾化过程, 基于OpenFOAM开源平台, 通过引入有效液体相分数, 发展了三维三相VOF-LPT转换算法, 并进一步开发了该转换算法的耦合求解器; 结合网格局部加密技术与自适应加密技术, 实现了对液体界面的动态捕捉; 通过与前人横向燃料喷射实验结果的对比, 验证了所开发耦合求解器的准确性和有效性. 利用所开发的耦合求解器数值研究了入射速度扰动、燃料偏靠角度和射流速度对自击撞击式肼类双组元推进剂雾化效果的影响. 结果表明, 入射速度扰动使液滴尺寸分布整体减小, 比表面积增加, 有助于提升雾化效果; 对于燃料液膜和氧化剂液膜的撞击段, 增大燃料偏靠角度或提高射流速度均会增加燃料液膜与氧化剂液膜之间的有效撞击动量, 从而提高了燃料液膜与氧化剂液膜之间的混合度; 在喷雾场完全发展后, 液滴尺寸分布随燃料偏靠角度的增大而整体增大, 随射流速度的增加而整体减小. 此外, 由于燃料偏靠角度限制了混合区域的范围, 导致液膜混合破碎程度随射流速度的增加逐渐趋于定值.

     

    Abstract: Hydrazine-based bipropellants are widely employed in liquid rocket engines of various aerospace propulsion systems for the space crafts such as satellites and missiles. To deepen the understanding of the atomization process of self-impingement and impingement hydrazine-based bipropellants, a three-dimensional three-phase volume of fluid (VOF) to Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) conversion algorithm is developed based on the open-source platform OpenFOAM by introducing the effective liquid phase fraction. A coupled solver is further established for the VOF-LPT conversion algorithm. By combining the local grid refinement technology with the adaptive mesh refinement technology, the liquid interface is dynamically captured. The accuracy and validity of the developed coupled solver are well verified by comparing with the previous experimental results on a fuel jet in a cross flow. With the developed coupled solver, the effects of injecting velocity disturbance, fuel biased angle and jet velocity on the atomization progress of self-impingement and impingement hydrazine-based bipropellants are numerically investigated. The results indicate that the introduction of a moderate injecting velocity disturbance reduces the overall droplet size distribution and increases the specific surface area, thereby beneficial to improve the atomization efficiency. During the impingement stage of the fuel film and the oxidant film, the increase of the fuel biased angle and the jet velocity both promote the mixing between the fuel film and the oxidizer film due to the enhanced effective impingement momentum between the films. After the spray field is fully developed, the overall droplet size distribution increases with the increase of the fuel biased angle, and decreases with the increase of the jet velocity. In addition, since the mixing region of the fuel film and the oxidizer film is restricted by the fuel biased angle, the degree of mixing and breakup of the films is approaching a certain level with the increase of the jet velocity.

     

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