分段线性系统经典数学模型的修正与动力学分析
CORRECTION AND DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR PIECEWISE LINEAR SYSTEM
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摘要: 由于间隙的存在, 很多机械系统可以简化为分段线性模型, 而简化后的模型中副簧系统通常包含阻尼. 在大多数文献建立的数学模型中, 主、副系统的接触点与分离点固定在间隙处. 文章研究发现, 由于副簧系统中弹簧与阻尼的力学特性不同, 主、副系统的接触点与分离点位置实际上是随着系统参数和运动状态而变化的. 若忽视这一点, 后续的包括分岔和混沌在内的动力学分析就会出现误差甚至错误. 首先基于经典的数学模型, 用数值方法揭示了在简谐激励下主系统未返回到间隙处就与副簧系统提前分离, 证明了经典数学模型的不当之处. 进一步研究发现主系统不仅会出现提前分离, 还会出现接触滞后的现象. 因此对系统的接触与分离条件提出了修正, 得到了更合理的数学模型. 研究发现修正后的接触点、分离点位置与修正前相差较大, 修正后的幅频响应曲线与修正前存在一定差别; 在复杂运动中, 修正前后的运动性质也可能发生改变, 证明了修正后的模型更加合理, 更能反映工程实际. 然后, 采用平均法并对平均法的积分区间进行推广, 求得了修正模型的幅频响应的解析解, 并通过龙格库塔法验证了解析解的正确性. 对解析解进行稳定性分析, 得到了解析解的稳定性判别式. 最后, 探究了修正模型的副簧系统参数对主系统幅频响应的影响.Abstract: Due to the existence of gap, many mechanical systems can be simplified into piecewise linear models, where the auxiliary spring system (ASS) usually contains damping. In most classical mathematical models established in the literatures, the contact point and separation point of the primary system and ASS are generally fixed at the gap. In this paper, it is found that due to the different mechanical characteristics of the spring and damper in the ASS, the positions of the contact point and separation point actually change with the system parameters and motion state. If this case is ignored, the subsequent dynamical analysis including bifurcation and chaos may incur errors. In this paper, based on the classical mathematical model of piecewise linear system, it is firstly demonstrated through numerical solution that the primary system is prematurely separated from the ASS before returning to the gap under harmonic excitation, which explains the incorrectness of the classical model. Based on the classical mechanical model, the further study shows that there is not only the premature separation but also contact hysteresis in the primary system. Accordingly, a more reasonable mathematical model is proposed by correcting the contact and separation conditions. It is found that the contact point, separation point and the amplitude-frequency response of the corrected model differ greatly from the classical mathematical model, and the characteristic of complex dynamics may change after correction, which proves that the corrected model is more reasonable and can better reflect the engineering reality. Then, the integration interval of the averaging method is generalized so the analytical solution of amplitude-frequency response after correction is obtained. The correctness of analytical solution is verified through the Runge-Kutta method and the stability discrimination formula is obtained through the analytical solution. Finally, the influence of the parameters of the ASS on the amplitude-frequency response is explored.