EFFECT OF ELECTROSTATIC FORCE ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND INTERPHASE ENERGY TRANSPORT IN RADIANT HEATED PARTICLE-LADEN TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW
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摘要: 颗粒−湍流两相流中的相间能量传递问题是学者们关注的重点之一, 而静电力作用是影响颗粒−槽道湍流两相流中颗粒倾向性分布和相间能量输运的一个重要因素. 文章对携带辐射加热带电颗粒的竖直槽道湍流两相流进行了数值研究, 重点研究颗粒在槽道中的空间分布形态以及对空间分布对相间能量输运的影响. 流体相采用基于欧拉观点的直接数值模拟, 颗粒相采用拉格朗日点−粒追踪模型, 考虑颗粒与流体之间的动量交换与热交换. 通过对颗粒局部聚集特性、颗粒与流体速度相关性和两相间能量交换的分析, 探究静电力作用下的颗粒运动和分布特点以及两相间动能和热交换的变化规律. 研究结果表明, 同种电荷颗粒之间互相排斥的静电力作用弱化了颗粒在近壁面处低速条带区的聚集现象, 颗粒的空间分布更加均匀, 且均匀性与颗粒所带的电荷量正相关. 同时发现较强的静电力作用使位于近壁区的颗粒对流体的跟随性减弱, 较之斯托克斯阻力, 静电力所起的作用占主导地位. 颗粒在空间上的均匀分布提高了流体的平均温度和速度, 强化了槽道中间区域颗粒与流体之间的动能交换与热交换并减弱了壁面附近两相之间的动能交换与热交换.Abstract: Interphase energy transfer in turbulence laden with particles is one of the focuses of scholars, and the effect of electrostatic force is an important factor affecting the particles propensity distribution and the efficiency of energy exchange between particles and turbulence in the turbulent channel flow laden with particles. In this paper, the spatial distribution of charged particles in vertical turbulent channel flow with radiation heating and the effect of spatial distribution on the energy transport between particles and turbulent flow were investigated. Direct numerical simulation was used for fluid, and Lagrange-point tracking model was used for particles. The momentum exchange and the heat exchange between particles and turbulent flow were considered. Based on the analysis of particle local aggregation characteristics, velocity correlation between particles and turbulent flow and interphase energy transport, the effect of electrostatic force on particle spatial distribution, kinetic energy exchange and heat exchange between particles and fluid were investigated. The results show that the electrostatic force of the same positive charged particles leads to the weak aggregation of particles in the low speed band area near the two wall, and the spatial distribution of particles is more uniform, which is positively correlated with the amount of charge carried by particles. At the same time, it is found that the electrostatic force attenuates the followability of particles to the fluid in the near wall region, and the electrostatic force is superior to the Stokes drag. Meanwhile, the uniform distribution of particles in the vertical channel improves the mean temperature of fluid and the mean streamwise velocity of the fluid. And it strengthens the kinetic energy exchange and the heat exchange between particles and fluid in the middle area of the vertical channel while weakens the kinetic energy exchange and the heat exchange between particles and turbulent flow near the wall.
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图 1 携带辐射加热带电颗粒的槽道−湍流两相流模型示意图
Figure 1. Configuration of vertical turbulent channel flow laden with heated charged particles
图 4 所有颗粒的平均速度(黑线)、平均温度(蓝线)随时间的演化 ($Q = 50\;\text{μ} {\rm{C}}/{\rm{kg}}$)
Figure 4. The evolution of mean streamwise velocity (black line) and mean temperature (blue line) of all particles over time ($Q = 50\;\text{μ}{\rm{C}}/{\rm{kg}}$)
图 5 带电和非带电情况下近壁面颗粒的空间分布
Figure 5. Spatial distribution of particles near the wall under charged and uncharged conditions
图 6 不同电荷量下颗粒体积分数在近壁面分布
Figure 6. The particle volume fraction distribution in the the normal direction under different charge
图 7 不同法向截面处颗粒的分布(颜色代表流向速度脉动)
Figure 7. Distribution of particles at different normal cross sections (color represents the streamwise velocity fluctuation)
图 10 颗粒与流体速度相关系数沿法向分布
Figure 10. The correlation coefficient distribution between fluid and particles in the normal direction under different charge
图 11 (a)不同电荷量平均流向速度和(b)平均温度沿法向分布
Figure 11. (a) The mean streamwise velocity profile of different charges and (b) the mean temperature profile
图 12 (a)颗粒引入动能沿法向分布和(b)颗粒引入热能沿法向分布
Figure 12. (a) The kinetic energy distribution introduced by particles along the normal direction and (b) the thermal energy distribution introduced by particles along the normal direction
图 13 流向滑移速度沿法向分布
Figure 13. The streamwise slip velocity distribution between particles and turbulence along the normal direction
表 1 流体和颗粒物性参数
Table 1. Summary of the fluid and particle properties used in the simulation
Paramater Value $Pr$ $0.71$ $h$/m $0.0225$ ${T_0}$/K 300 $\varDelta $/K 6 ${\rho _0}/({\rm{kg} } \cdot { {\rm{m} }^{ - 3} })$ $1.16$ ${\mu _0}/({\rm{kg} } \cdot { {\rm{m} }^{ - 1} \cdot {\rm{s} }^{ - 1} })$ $1.84 \times {10^{ - 5} }$ ${k_0}/({\rm{W} } \cdot { {\rm{m} }^{ - 1} \cdot {\rm{K} }^{ - 1} })$ $2.60 \times {10^{ - 2} }$ ${c_{p,0} }/({\rm{J} } \cdot {{\rm{kg} }^{ - 1} \cdot {\rm{K} }^{ - 1} })$ $1006$ ${\rho _p}/({\rm{kg} } \cdot { {\rm{m} }^{ - 3} })$ $2000$ ${c_{p,p} }/({\rm{J} } \cdot { {\rm{kg}^{ - 1} } \cdot {\rm{K} }^{ - 1} } )$ $880$ ${q_0}/({\rm{W} } \cdot { {\rm{m} }^{^{ - 2} } })$ $5000$ ${d_p}/\text{μ}{\rm{ m} }$ $81$ ${N_p}$ $96\;222$ 
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表 2 模拟所用无量纲参数
Table 2. Dimensionless parameters in the simulation
${d_p}/h$ $S{t_f}$ $S{t_T}$ $\Delta z/\eta $ $({d_p}/h)/\eta $ 3.59 × 10−3 2.16 × 10−1 2.82 × 10−1 0.6 0.43
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