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中文核心期刊

离心力和滑翔距离对于高超声速巡航飞行性能的影响

Effects of centrifugal force and glide distance on the flight performance of HCV

  • 摘要: 高超声速巡航飞行器(HCV)是21世纪国际空天技术竞争的焦点, 它的飞行性能可以用初始发射质量与广义有效载荷之比衡量. 文献1建立了该性能的耦合分析框架. 在这个框架下进一步考虑了离心力和滑翔距离两个重要因素的影响. 定量分析表明: 给定飞行距离, 对HCV飞行性能影响最大的是巡航速度, 其次是升阻比, 再次是巡航发动机比冲. 随着飞行距离的增加, 由于离心力和滑翔距离的计入, 火箭动力HCV的飞行性能大幅提高, 从近中程到远程均显著优于经典的最小能量弹道. 吸气式冲压发动机尽管比冲大幅优于火箭发动机, 但在巡航速度适用范围和飞行器升阻比方面, 均不及后者. 综合而言, 火箭动力HCV是现阶段非常有竞争力的选择.

     

    Abstract: The flight performance of hypersonic cruise vehicles (HCVs), a competitive focus of international aerospace technologies in the 21st century, can be measured by a ratio of the initial boost mass to the generalized payload. A coupling frame to analyze the performance was established in Ref.1. Under the frame, two important effects, namely the centrifugal force and glide distance, have been further taken into account in this article. It was shown quantitatively that for a given distance, the first important factor to affect the flight performance of HCVs is the cruise speed, the second is the lift-to-drag ratio, and the third is the specific impulse of the cruise engine. As a flight distance increases, the performance of a rocket-based HCV, greatly improved due to the centrifugal force and glide distance taken into account, is significantly superior to the classical minimum-energy trajectory from short-middle to long range. A hypersonic air-breathing ramjet, though its specific impulse much higher than that of a rocket engine, is not so good as the latter in terms of the cruise speed range and lift-to-drag ratio. It is concluded that rocket-based HCVs flying at the optimal speed are a very competitive choice at the current stage.

     

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